Troodon

Description
Source: Wikipédia
Troodon (Troödon dans des sources plus anciennes, prononcé par les scientifiques Tro-odon signifiant en grec « dent blessante », mais Troudon par des narrateurs profanes) désigne un genre éteint de dinosaures relativement petits, ressemblant à des oiseaux, connu en Amérique du Nord au Campanien (Crétacé supérieur), soit il y a environ 77 Ma (millions d’années). Il comprend au moins une espèce trouvée au Montana : Troodon formosus. Douteuse, la définition de ce genre « fourre-tout » a été abandonnée au profit des genres Stenonychosaurus ou Latenivenatrix, et les discussions continuent.
Découvert en octobre 1855, Troodon formosus a été d’abord considéré comme un lézard jusqu’en 1877 ; en fait c’est l’un des premiers dinosaures découverts en Amérique du Nord. Plusieurs spécimens de troodontidés bien connus de la formation de Dinosaur Park en Alberta étaient autrefois supposés appartenir à ce genre. Cependant, des analyses récentes menées en 2017 ont révélé que le genre n’était pas précisément caractérisé et ont référé la plupart de ses spécimens au genre Stenonychosaurus (longtemps considéré comme synonyme de Troodon) et d’autres au genre nouvellement créé Latenivenatrix, avis qui ne fait pas encore consensus parmi les paléontologues,,.
Les dents étaient différentes de celles de la plupart des autres théropodes connus au moment de leur découverte : elles portent des dentelures proéminentes pointées vers le haut, morphométriquement plus similaires à celles des reptiles herbivores (comme les Pachycephalosauridae) et suggérant un régime éventuellement omnivore.
Information(s)
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- Attibution: Leidy 185613002
- Statut: Valide
- Nom commun: La dent qui blesse
- Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
- Mode de vie: terrestrial
- Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
- Vision: ?
- Alimentation: carnivore, omnivore
- Mode de reprodution: oviparous
- Classification: Troodontinae >> Troodontidae >> Deinonychosauria >> Paraves >> Maniraptora >> Coelurosauria >> Tetanurae >> Averostra >> Neotheropoda >> Theropoda >> Dinosauria
- Période: Campanian - Maastrichtian (de -83.60 Ma à -66.00 Ma)
- Espèce(s):
- Bradycneme draculae (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)14314
- Heptasteornis andrewsi (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)14314
- Koparion douglassi (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)15020
- Laelaps cristatus (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)15651
- Laelaps laevifrons (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)15651
- Polyodontosaurus grandis (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)14578
- Saurornitholestes robustus (nomen dubium, voir Troodontidae)25803
- Troodon formosus (Valide)13002
- Troodon isfarensis (nomen dubium, voir Hadrosauridae)16510
- Specimen(s):
- Troodon formosus: MOR 553-7.24.8.64 - tibia, tibia
- Troodon formosus: MOR 430 - tibia, femur
- Troodon formosus: CMN 199 - tibia
- Troodon formosus: CMN 12433 - ulna
- Heptasteornis andrewsi nomen dubium Troodontidae: paratype BMNH A1528 - tibiotarsus
- Heptasteornis andrewsi nomen dubium Troodontidae: holotype BMNH A4359 - tibiotarsus
- Bradycneme draculae nomen dubium Troodontidae: holotype BMNH A1588 - tibiotarsus
- Troodon formosus: MOR 553-7.24.8.64 - tibia, tibia
- Détail des Spécimens
- Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Troodontidae
- Troodon
- Troodontidae IGM100/44 informal species not entered Troodontidae
- Saurornithoididae indet. subjective synonym of Troodontidae
- Troodontidae informal species not entered Troodontidae
- Troodon validus recombined as Stegoceras validum
- Troodon sternbergi recombined as Hanssuesia sternbergi
- Troodon edmontonensis recombined as Sphaerotholus edmontonensis
- Troodon inequalis recombined as Stenonychosaurus inequalis
- Troodon wyomingensis recombined as Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
- Troodon bexelli recombined as Sinocephale bexelli
- Découverte(s): 175 occcurrences
Ouvrir - FermerBrésil
Canada
- Alberta
- ?
- Formation ?
- Hanssuesia sternbergi identifié comme Troodon n. sp. sternbergi: ? 12773
- Hanssuesia sternbergi identifié comme Troodon sternbergi: ? 12773
- Sphaerotholus edmontonensis identifié comme Troodon n. sp. edmontonensis: ? 12773
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 12773
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 12773
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 12773
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 12773
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 12773
- Formation Dinosaur Park
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 12773
- Stegoceras validum identifié comme Troodon validus: ? 14571
- Stenonychosaurus inequalis identifié comme Troodon inequalis: ? 16964
- Stenonychosaurus inequalis identifié comme Troodon inequalis: ? 16964
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon formosus: ? 9017
- Troodon formosus: ? 9017
- Troodon formosus: ? 9254
- Troodon formosus: ? 13889
- Troodon formosus: ? 48570
- Troodon formosus: ? 9254
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 10086
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Formation Horseshoe Canyon
- Formation Oldman
- Troodon: ? 90834
- Troodon: ? 52782
- Troodon: ? 90834
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon: ? 19348
- Troodon formosus: ? 11964
- Troodon formosus: ? 11964
- Troodon formosus: ? 11964
- Troodon formosus: ? 11964
- Troodon formosus: ? 11964
- Troodon formosus: ? 11964
- Troodon formosus: ? 48570
- Troodon formosus: ? 48570
- Troodon formosus: ? 62454
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodon formosus: ? 9254
- Troodon formosus: ? 5929
- Troodontidae: ? 77894
- Formation St. Mary River
- Troodon: ? 13943
- Formation Wapiti
- Formation ?
- ?
- Saskatchewan
- Alberta
Chine
France
Inde
- Tamil Nadu
- Ariyalur
- Formation Kallamedu
- Troodontidae: ? 46418
- Formation Kallamedu
- Ariyalur
- Tamil Nadu
Kazakhstan
Mongolie
Mexique
Portugal
Roumanie
Russie
- Amur
- Chukot
- Kemerovo
Slovénie
- Obalno-Kraska
- ?
- Formation Liburnian
- Troodontidae: ? 19177
- Formation Liburnian
- ?
- Obalno-Kraska
Tadjikistan
États-Unis
- Alaska
- Montana
- New Mexico
- North Dakota
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Tarrant
- Formation Lewisville
- Troodontidae: ? 48139
- Formation Lewisville
- Tarrant
- Utah
- Washington
- Formation Iron Springs
- Troodontidae: ? 1411
- Formation Iron Springs
- Washington
- Wyoming
- Carbon
- Niobrara
Ouzbékistan
- Navoi
- ?
- Formation Bissekty
- Troodontidae: ? 23626
- Formation Bissekty
- ?
- Navoi
- Historique des modifications:
Pas de modification récente.
Publication(s)
La base comprend 92 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 3 J. Leidy. 1856. Notices of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the bad lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:72-73
- ↑1 2 C. J. O. Harrison and C. A. Walker. 1975. The Bradycnemidae, a new family of owls from the Upper Cretaceous of Romania. Palaeontology 18(3):563-570
- ↑1 D. J. Chure. 1994. Koparion douglassi, a new dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument; the oldest troodontid (Theropoda: Maniraptora). Brigham Young University Geology Studies 40:11-15
- ↑1 2 E. D. Cope. 1876. On some extinct reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 28:340-359
- ↑1 C. W. Gilmore. 1932. A new fossil lizard from the Belly River Formation of Alberta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, section 4, series 3 16:117-119
- ↑1 2 3 R. M. Sullivan. 2006. Saurornitholestes robustus, n. sp. (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (De-na-zin Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:253-256
- ↑1 2 3 L. A. Nessov. 1995. Dinozavri severnoi Yevrazii: Novye dannye o sostave kompleksov, ekologii i paleobiogeografii [Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology, and paleobiogeography]. Institute for Scientific Research on the Earth's Crust, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg
- ↑1 2 3 C. F. C. Geroto and R. J. Bertini. 2014. New records of fossil vertebrates from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), southeastern Brazil. Revista do Instituto Geológico 35(2):39-56 (https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-929X.20140008)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B. Brown and E. M. Schlaikjer. 1943. A study of the troödont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 82(5):115-150
- ↑1 C. W. Gilmore. 1924. On Troodon validus, an orthopodous dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Department of Geology, University of Alberta Bulletin 1:1-43
- ↑1 2 P. J. Currie. 2005. History of research. Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 D. B. Brinkman, M. J. Ryan, and D. A. Eberth. 1998. The paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of ceratopsids (Ornithischia) in the Upper Judith River Group of western Canada. Palaios 13:160-169 (https://doi.org/10.2307/3515487)
- ↑1 2 D. A. Eberth and D. B. Brinkman. 1997. Paleoecology of an estuarine, incised-valley fill in the Dinosaur Park Formation (Judith River Group, Upper Cretaceous) of southern Alberta, Canada. Palaios 12:43-58 (https://doi.org/10.2307/3515293)
- ↑1 2 3 4 P. J. Currie. 1987. Bird-like characteristics of the jaws and teeth of troodontid theropods (Dinosauria, Saurischia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7(1):72-81 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1987.10011638)
- ↑1 S. M. Kurzanov and H. Osmólska. 1991. Tochisaurus nemegtensis gen. et sp. n., a new troodontid dinosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 36(1):69-76
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D. W. Larson and P. J. Currie. 2013. Multivariate analyses of small theropod dinosaur teeth and implications for paleoecological turnover through time. PLoS ONE 8(1):e54329:1-14 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054329)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 D. B. Brinkman. 1990. Paleontology of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Dinosaur National Park, Alberta, Canada: evidence from vertebrate microfossil locality. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 78:37-54
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan, A. P. Russell, and D. A. Eberth, P. J. Currie. 2001. The taphonomy of a Centrosaurus (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) bone bed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada, with comments on cranial ontogeny. Palaios 16:482–506 (https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0482:ttoaco>2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 D. W. Larson, D. B. Brinkman, and P. R. Bell. 2010. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47:1159-1181 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-005)
- ↑1 A. Torices, G. F. Funston, and S. T. Kraichy, P. J. Currie. 2014. The first appearance of Troodon in the Upper Cretaceous site of Danek Bonebed, and a reevaluation of troodontid quantitative tooth morphotypes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51(11):1039-1044 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0071)
- ↑1 2 D. C. Evans, D. A. Eberth, and M. J. Ryan. 2015. Hadrosaurid (Edmontosaurus) bonebeds from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Horsethief Member) at Drumheller, Alberta, Canada: geology, preliminary taphonomy, and significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52:642-654 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0184)
- ↑1 2 M. Tagliavento, A. J. Davies, and M. Bernecker, P. T. Staudigel, R. R. Dawson, M. Dietzel, K. Götschl, W. Guo, A. S. Schulp, F. Therrien, D. K. Zelenitsky, A. Gerdes, W. Müller, J. Fiebig. 2023. Evidence for heterothermic endothermy and reptile-like eggshell mineralization in Troodon, a non-avian maniraptoran theropod. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 120(15) (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213987120)
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan and A. P. Russell. 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 J. Peng, A. P. Russell, and D. B. Brinkman. 2001. Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25:1-54 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115853)
- ↑1 L. S. Russell. 1946. The lower jaw of the theropod dinosaur Troödon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 60:171
- ↑1 K. Chiba, M. J. Ryan, and D. R. Braman, D. A. Eberth, E. E. Scott, C. M. Brown, Y. Kobayashi, D. C. Evans. 2015. Taphonomy of a monodominant Centrosaurus apertus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) bonebed from the upper Oldman Formation of southeastern Alberta. Palaios 30:655-667 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2014.084)
- ↑1 W. Langston. 1975. The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated lower vertebrates from the St. Mary River Formation (Maestrichtian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12:1576-1608 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e75-142)
- ↑1 P. J. Currie, W. Langston, and D. H. Tanke. 2008. A new species of Pachyrhinosaurus (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. in A New Horned Dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous Bone Bed in Alberta
- ↑1 F. Fanti and T. Miyashita. 2009. A high latitude vertebrate fossil assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of west-central Alberta, Canada: evidence for dinosaur nesting and vertebrate latitudinal gradient. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 275(1-4):37-53 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.007)
- ↑1 N. J. Enriquez, N. E. Campione, and M. A. White, F. Fanti, R. L. Sissons, C. Sullivan, M. J. Vavrek, P. R. Bell. 2022. The dinosaur tracks of Tyrants Aisle: an Upper Cretaceous ichnofauna from Unit 4 of the Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada. PLoS One 17(2):e0262824:1-45 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262824)
- ↑1 F. Fanti, P. R. Bell, and M. J. Vavrek, D. W. Larson, E. B. Koppelhus, R. L. Sissons, A. Langone, N. E. Campione, C. Sullivan. 2022. Filling the Bearpaw gap: evidence for palaeoenvironment-driven taxon distribution in a diverse, non-marine ecosystem from the late Campanian of west-central Alberta, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 592:110923 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110923)
- ↑1 S. A. Whitebone, G. F. Funston, and P. J. Currie. 2023. An unusual microsite from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43(5):e2316668 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2024.2316668)
- ↑1 M. M. Gilbert, E. L. Bamforth, and L. A. Buatois, R. W. Renaut. 2018. Paleoecology and sedimentology of a vertebrate microfossil assemblage from the easternmost Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Upper Campanian,) Saskatchewan, Canada: reconstructing diversity in a coastal ecosystem. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 495:227-244 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.016)
- ↑1 J. E. Storer. 1993. Additions to the mammalian paleofauna of Saskatchewan. Modern Geology 18(4):475-487
- ↑1 K. Yu, W. Wu, and I. Bolotsky, X. Zhang, F. Shen, P. Godefroit. 2022. The first occurrence of Troodon-morphotype tooth in Jiayin, Heilongjiang, Northeast China. Global Geology 25(3):133-145
- ↑1 L. Xu, Y. Kobayashi, and Y.-N. Lee, Y. Liu, K. Tanaka, X. Zhang, S. Jia, J. Zhang. 2011. A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China. Cretaceous Research 32(1):213-222 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004)
- ↑1 K. Yu, I. Bolotsky, and W. Sun, Y. Gao, F. Shen, W. Wu. 2022. First discovery of theropod teeth from the Nenjiang Formation (early Campanian) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. Historical Biology (https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2084692)
- ↑1 S. H. Hwang, M. A. Norell, and Q. Ji, K.-Q. Gao. 2004. A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):73A-74A
- ↑1 D. C. Evans, C. M. Brown, and H. You, N. E. Campione. 2021. Description and revised diagnosis of Asia's first recorded pachycephalosaurid, Sinocephale bexelli gen. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(10) (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0190)
- ↑1 S. Wang, Q. Zhang, and Q. Tan, Q. Jiangzuo, H. Zhang, L. Tan. 2022. New troodontid theropod specimen from Inner Mongolia, China clarifies phylogenetic relationships of later-diverging small-bodied troodontids and paravian body size evolution. Cladistics 38:59-82 (https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12467)
- ↑1 R. Vullo, D. Neraudeau, and T. Lenglet. 2007. Dinosaur teeth from the Cenomanian of Charentes, western France: evidence for a mixed Laurasian-Gondwanan assemblage. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(4):931-943 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[931:dtftco]2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 R. Vullo, D. Abit, and M. Ballèvre, J.-P. Billon-Bruyat, R. Bourgeais, É. Buffetaut, V. Daviero-Gomez, G. Garcia, B. Gomez, J.-M. Mazin, S. Morel, D. Néraudeau, J. Pouech, J.-C. Rage, J. Schnyder, H. Tong. 2014. Palaeontology of the Purbeck-type (Tithonian, Late Jurassic) bonebeds of Chassiron (Oléron Island, western France). Comptes Rendus Palevol 13(5):421-441 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2014.03.003)
- ↑1 A. Goswami, G. V. R. Prasad, and O. Verma, J. J. Flynn, R. B. J. Benson. 2013. A troodontid dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of India. Nature Communications 4:1-5 (https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2716)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 A. O. Averianov and H.-D. Sues. 2007. A new troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Uzbekistan, with a review of troodontid records from the territories of the former Soviet Union. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1):87-98 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[87:antdtf]2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 X. Zheng, X. Xu, and H. You, Q. Zhao, Z. Dong. 2010. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol Group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277(1679 ):211-217 (https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1178)
- ↑1 K. Tsogtbaatar. 2004. Fossil specimens prepared in Mongolian Paleontological Center 1993-2001. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 2:123-128
- ↑1 K. Tsogtbaatar and T. Chinzorig. 2010. Fossil specimens prepared in Mongolian Paleontological Center: 2002–2008. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:155-166
- ↑1 2 3 Á. A. Ramírez-Velasco and R. Hernández-Rivera. 2015. Diversity of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from Mexico. Boletín Geológico y Minero 126(1):63-108
- ↑1 R. A. Rodriguez-de la Rosa and S. R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz. 1998. Vertebrates of the El Pelillal locality (Campanian, Cerro del Pueblo Formation), southeastern Coahuila, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(4):751-764 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011104)
- ↑1 2 M. T. Antunes and D. Sigogneau. 1992. La faune des petits dinosaures du Crétacé terminal portugais [The small dinosaur fauna from the Portuguese terminal Cretaceous]. Comunicações dos Serviços Geológicos de Portugal 78(1):49-62
- ↑1 J. Zinke. 1998. Small theropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic coal mine of Guimarota (Portugal). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 72(1/2):179-189 (https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02987825)
- ↑1 V. Codrea, P. Godefroit, and T. Smith. 2012. First discovery of Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) terrestrial vertebrates in Rusca Montană Basin (Romania). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems
- ↑1 Z. Csiki-Sava, M. Vremir, and S. Vasile, S. L. Brusatte, G. Dyke, D. Naish, M. A. Norell, R. Totoianu. 2016. The East Side Story – The Transylvanian latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate record and its implications for understanding Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary events. Cretaceous Research 57:662-698 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.003)
- ↑1 Z. Csiki, D. Grigorescu, and V. Codrea, F. Therrien. 2010. Taphonomic modes in the Maastrichtian continental deposits of the Haţeg Basin, Romania—palaeoecological and palaeobiological inferences. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 293(3-4):375-390 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.013)
- ↑1 Z. Csiki and D. Grigorescu. 1998. Small theropods from the Late Cretaceous of the Hateg Basin (Western Romania) - an unexpected diversity at the top of the food chain. Oryctos 1:87-104
- ↑1 V. Codrea, T. Smith, and P. Dica, A. Folie, G. Garcia, P. Godefroit, J. Van Itterbeeck. 2002. Dinosaur egg nests, mammals and other vertebrates from a new Maastrichtian site of the Hateg Basin (Romania). Comptes Rendus Palevol 1(3):173-180 (https://doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0683(02)00021-0)
- ↑1 J. Van Itterbeeck, Y. L. Bolotsky, and P. Bultynck, P. Godefroit. 2005. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeoecology of the dinosaur-bearing Kundur section (Zeya-Bureya Basin, Amur region, far eastern Russia). Geological Magazine 142(6):735-750
- ↑1 2 P. Godefroit, L. Golovneva, and S. Shchepetov, G. Garcia, P. Alekseev. 2009. The last polar dinosaurs: high diversity of latest Cretaceous arctic dinosaurs in Russia. Naturwissenschaften 96(4):495-501 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0499-0)
- ↑1 S. V. Leshchinskiy, A. V. Faingerts, and A. V. Voronkevich, E. N. Mashchensko, A. O. Averianov. 2000. Predvaritel'nye rezul'taty izucheniy mestonakhozhdenii Shestakovskogo kompleksa rannemelovykh pozvonochnykh [Preliminary results of the investigation of the Shestakovo localities of Early Cretaceous vertebrates]. Materialy Regional'noy Konferentsii Geologov Sibiri Dal'nego Vostoka i Severo-Vostoka Rossii. Gala Press, Tomsk 2:363-366
- ↑1 A. Averianov, A. Lopatin, and P. Skutschas, S. Leschinsky. 2015. Two new mammal localities within the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation of West Siberia, Russia. Geobios 48:131-136 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2015.02.004)
- ↑1 I. Debeljak, A. Kosir, and E. Buffetaut, B. Otonicar. 2002. The Late Cretaceous dinosaurs and crocodiles of Kozine (SW Slovenia): a preliminary study. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 57:193-201
- ↑1 V. R. Alifanov and A. O. Averianov. 2006. On the finding of ornithomimid dinosaurs (Saurischia, Ornithomimosauria) in the Upper Cretaceous beds of Tajikistan. Paleontological Journal 40(1):103-108 (https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031030106010126)
- ↑1 2 3 A. R. Fiorillo and R. A. Gangloff. 2001. Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic dinosaur paleoecology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(4):675-682 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:ttftpc]2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 A. R. Fiorillo, P. J. McCarthy, and P. P. Flaig, E. Brandlen, D. W. Norton, P. Zippi, L. Jacobs, R. A. Gangloff. 2010. Paleontology and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry (Prince Creek Formation: Late Cretaceous), northern Alaska: a multi-disciplinary study of a high-latitude ceratopsian dinosaur bonebed. New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 A. R. Fiorillo, R. S. Tykoski, and P. J. Currie, P. J. McCarthy, P. Flaig. 2009. Description of two partial Troodon braincases from the Prince Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous), North Slope Alaska. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):178-187 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0108)
- ↑1 A. Sahni. 1972. The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147(6):321-412
- ↑1 L. M. Lambe. 1915. Report of the vertebrate palaeontologist. Summary report of the Geological Survey Department of Mines for the Calendar Year 1914 1503:116-121 (https://doi.org/10.4095/304644)
- ↑1 2 J. T. Sankey. 2008. Diversity of latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) small theropods and birds: teeth from the Lance and Hell Creek formations, USA. Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 UCMP Database. 2005. UCMP collections database. University of California Museum of Paleontology
- ↑1 D. J. Varricchio. 1993. Taphonomy of Jack's Birthday site, a diverse dinosaur bone bed. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3, suppl.):61A
- ↑1 2 M. O. R. Database. 2006. MOR collections database.
- ↑1 A. R. Fiorillo. 1997. Stratigraphic distribution of fossil vertebrates in the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Wheatland and Golden Valley counties, south-central Montana. Northwest Geology 27:1-12
- ↑1 2 3 4 A. R. Fiorillo and P. J. Currie. 1994. Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(1):74-80 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011539)
- ↑1 A. R. Fiorillo. 2005. Turtle tracks in the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central Montana. Palaeontologia Electronica 9(1):1-11
- ↑1 F. D. Jackson, J. R. Horner, and D. J. Varricchio. 2010. A study of a Troodon egg containing embryonic remains using epiuorescence microscopy and other techniques. Cretaceous Research 31:255-262 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2009.11.006)
- ↑1 W. W. Stein and M. Triebold. 2013. Preliminary analysis of a sub-adult tyrannosaurid skeleton from the Judith River Formation of Petroleum County, Montana. Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology
- ↑1 A. J. Martin and D. J. Varricchio. 2011. Paleoecological utility of insect trace fossils in dinosaur nesting sites of the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian), Choteau, Montana. Historical Biology 23(1):15-25 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2010.505285)
- ↑1 2 K. F. Hirsch and B. Quinn. 1990. Eggs and eggshell fragments from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(4):491-511 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011832)
- ↑1 J. R. Horner and D. B. Weishampel. 1996. A comparative embryological study of two ornithischian dinosaurs (correction). Nature 383:103 (https://doi.org/10.1038/383103b0)
- ↑1 M. Montellano. 1988. Alphadon halleyi (Didelphidae, Marsupialia) from the Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8(4):378-382 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011726)
- ↑1 D. J. Varricchio, J. R. Horner, and F. D. Jackson. 2002. Embryos and eggs for the Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Troodon formosus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):564-576 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0564:eaeftc]2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 2 3 T. E. Williamson and S. L. Brusatte. 2014. Small theropod teeth from the Late Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin, northwestern New Mexico and their implications for understanding latest Cretaceous dinosaur evolution. PLoS ONE 9(4):e93190:1-23 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093190)
- ↑1 A. Weil, T. E. Williamson, and F. Pignataro, J. Colon. 2004. The teiid lizard Peneteius discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):127A
- ↑1 2 D. A. Pearson, T. Schaefer, and K. R. Johnson, D. J. Nichols, J. P. Hunter. 2002. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota. The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:145-167 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.145)
- ↑1 W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
- ↑1 P. V. Ullmann, A. Shaw, and R. Nellermoe, K. J. Lacovara. 2017. Taphonomy of the Standing Rock Hadrosaur Site, Corson County, South Dakota. Palaios 32:779-796 (https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2017.060)
- ↑1 2 M. T. Greenwald. 1971. The Lower Vertebrates of the Hell Creek Formation, Harding County, South Dakota.
- ↑1 C. R. Noto, D. C. D'Amore, and S. K. Drumheller, T. L. Adams. 2022. A newly recognized theropod assemblage from the Lewisville Formation (Woodbine Group; Cenomanian) and its implications for understanding Late Cretaceous Appalachian terrestrial ecosystems. PeerJ 10:e12782:1-47 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12782)
- ↑1 J. G. Eaton. 1999. Vertebrate paleontology of the Iron Springs Formation, Upper Cretaceous, southwestern Utah. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:339-343
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 J. A. Lillegraven and J. J. Eberle. 1999. Vertebrate faunal changes through Lancian and Puercan time in southern Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 73(4):691-710 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000032510)
- ↑1 C. W. Gilmore. 1931. A new species of troödont dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79(9):1-6 (https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.79-2875.1)
- ↑1 K. Snyder, M. McLain, and J. Wood, A. V. Chadwick. 2020. Over 13,000 elements from a single bonebed help elucidate disarticulation and transport of an Edmontosaurus thanatocoenosis. PLoS One 15(5):e0233182:1-31 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233182)
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