Allosaurus

Description
Source: Wikipédia
Allosaurus, également francisé allosaure, est un genre fossile de grands dinosaures théropodes ayant vécu durant les étages Kimméridgien et Tithonien du Jurassique supérieur, il y a entre 155 et 145 millions d’années, dans ce qui sont actuellement l'Amérique du Nord et l'Europe. Le nom générique du taxon signifie littéralement « lézard différent », faisant allusion à ses vertèbres concaves uniques observées au moment de sa découverte. Les premiers restes fossiles pouvant être définitivement attribués à ce genre sont décrits en 1877 par le paléontologue américain Othniel Charles Marsh. Le genre a une taxonomie très complexe et comprend au moins trois espèces valides, dont la plus connue est A. fragilis. La majeure partie des restes d’Allosaurus proviennent de la formation de Morrison en Amérique du Nord, avec du matériel également connu de la formation de Lourinhã au Portugal. Pendant plus de la moitié du XXe siècle, l'animal était connu sous le nom d’Antrodemus, mais une étude des restes abondants de la carrière de dinosaures de Cleveland-Lloyd remet le nom d’Allosaurus au premier plan. Figurant parmi les premiers dinosaures théropodes bien connus, ce dernier attire l'attention en dehors des cercles paléontologiques.
Allosaurus figure parmi les plus grands prédateurs bipèdes de son temps. Son crâne est léger, robuste et équipé de dizaines de dents acérées et dentelées. L'animal mesure en moyenne 8,5 m de long chez A. fragilis, les plus gros spécimens étant estimés à 9,7 m de long. Par rapport à ses pattes larges et puissantes, ses mains à trois doigts sont petites et son corps est équilibré par une longue queue musclée. C'est le genre type de la famille des Allosauridae, des dinosaures théropodes appartenant au groupe des carnosauriens. Étant le grand prédateur le plus abondant de la formation de Morrison, Allosaurus se trouvait au sommet de la chaîne alimentaire et se nourrissait probablement de grands dinosaures herbivores contemporains, avec la possibilité de chasser d'autres prédateurs. Les proies potentielles incluent les ornithopodes, les stégosauridés et les sauropodes. Certains paléontologues interprètent Allosaurus comme ayant eu un comportement social coopératif et chassant en meute, tandis que d'autres pensent que les individus peuvent avoir été agressifs les uns envers les autres et que les congrégations de ce genre sont le résultat d'individus solitaires se nourrissant des mêmes carcasses.
Information(s)
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- Attibution: Marsh 18777811
- Statut: Valide
- Nom commun: Reptile d'ailleurs
- Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
- Mode de vie: terrestrial
- Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
- Vision: ?
- Alimentation: carnivore
- Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
- Classification: Allosauroidea >> Tetanurae >> Averostra >> Neotheropoda >> Theropoda >> Dinosauria
- Période: Oxfordian - Turonian (de -161.50 Ma à -89.80 Ma)
- Espèce(s):
- Allosaurus amplus (Valide)7814
- Allosaurus europaeus (Valide)19890
- Allosaurus ferox (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)14074
- Allosaurus fragilis (Valide)7811
- Allosaurus jimmadseni (Valide)31174
- Allosaurus lucaris (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)7813
- Allosaurus lucasi (Valide)53864
- Allosaurus medius (nomen dubium, voir Tetanurae)7834
- Allosaurus sibiricus (nomen dubium, voir Theropoda)14788
- Allosaurus tendagurensis (nomen dubium, voir Tetanurae)12560
- Apatodon mirus (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)7809
- Creosaurus atrox (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)7813
- Epanterias amplexus (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)9077
- Labrosaurus ferox (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)10608
- Labrosaurus sulcatus (Valide)14074
- Laelaps trihedrodon (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)15653
- Poicilopleuron valens (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)30725
- Saurophagus maximus (Synonyme subjectif de Allosaurus fragilis)10389
- Allosaurus anax (Valide)90751
- Specimen(s):
- Allosaurus fragilis: UNSM 4734 - scapula (right) , ulna (right) , radius (right) , coracoid (right)
- Saurophagus maximus subjective synonym of Allosaurus fragilis: paratype OMNH 1935 - humerus
- Saurophagus maximus subjective synonym of Allosaurus fragilis: paratype OMNH 1708 - femur
- Saurophagus maximus subjective synonym of Allosaurus fragilis: paratype OMNH 1370 - tibia
- Allosaurus fragilis: UNSM 4734 - scapula (right) , ulna (right) , radius (right) , coracoid (right)
- Camptosaurus amplus recombined as Allosaurus amplus: YPM 1877 - femur
- Camptosaurus amplus recombined as Allosaurus amplus: US 2210 - femur
- Allosaurus fragilis: BYU 571/8901 - humerus
- Allosaurus fragilis: USNM 4734 - tibia, femur, humerus
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 5750 - fibula
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 287 - fibula
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 408 - tibia
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: FMNH P25114 - femur
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: FMNH UC1505 - femur
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 290 - femur
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 324 - fibula, tibia, femur
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 6125 - fibula, tibia, femur
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: AMNH 680 - fibula, tibia, femur
- Allosaurus agilis misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus fragilis: TMP - fibula, tibia, femur, fibula, tibia, fibula, tibia, femur, fibula, tibia, femur, fibula, tibia, femur
- Détail des Spécimens
- Autre(s) Taxon(s) trouvés dans la litterature:
- Allosaurus
- Antrodemus subjective synonym of Allosaurus
- Allosaurus jimmadsoni misspelling of, obsolete variant of Allosaurus jimmadseni
- Antrodemus valens subjective synonym of Allosaurus fragilis
- Camptonotus amplus recombined as Allosaurus amplus
- Découverte(s): 150 occcurrences
Ouvrir - FermerAllemagne
France
Royaume-Uni
- England
- Isle of Wight
- Formation Wessex
- Allosaurus identifié comme cf. Antrodemus sp.: ? 78163
- Formation Wessex
- Isle of Wight
- England
Japon
Portugal
Russie
- Zabaykal'ye
- Petrovsky-Zabaykalsky
- Formation Turgin
- Theropoda identifié comme Allosaurus n. sp. sibiricus: ? 14788
- Formation Turgin
- Petrovsky-Zabaykalsky
- Zabaykal'ye
Tanzanie
- Lindi
- ?
- Formation Tendaguru
- Tetanurae identifié comme Allosaurus ? n. sp. tendagurensis: ? 12560
- Formation Tendaguru
- ?
- Lindi
États-Unis
- Colorado
- Fremont
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Allosaurus: ? 12893
- Allosaurus: ? 49550
- Allosaurus: ? 10618
- Allosaurus: ? 12893
- Allosaurus fragilis: UNSM 4734: scapula (right) , ulna (right) , radius (right) , coracoid (right) USNM 4734: tibia, femur, humerus 10606
- Allosaurus fragilis: ? 12893
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme n. gen. Labrosaurus n. sp. ferox: ? 12248
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Laelaps n. sp. trihedrodon: ? 15653
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme n. gen. Epanterias n. sp. amplexus: ? 9077
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Laelaps trihedrodon: ? 16612
- Formation Morrison
- Grand
- Gunnison
- Jefferson
- Larimer
- Mesa
- Moffat
- Montezuma
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus lucasi: ? 15179
- Formation Morrison
- Montrose
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus jimmadseni: ? 71691
- Formation Morrison
- Otero
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 58659
- Formation Morrison
- Saguache
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Formation Morrison
- Summit
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Formation Morrison
- Fremont
- Maryland
- Prince George's
- Formation Arundel Clay
- Tetanurae identifié comme Allosaurus n. sp. medius: ? 7834
- Formation Arundel Clay
- Prince George's
- Montana
- New Mexico
- Oklahoma
- South Dakota
- Utah
- Wyoming
- Albany
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Allosaurus: ? 13281
- Allosaurus: ? 13281
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Allosaurus: ? 10618
- Allosaurus: ? 10606
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Allosaurus: ? 30946
- Allosaurus: ? 85332
- Allosaurus: ? 85332
- Allosaurus: ? 85332
- Allosaurus: ? 85332
- Allosaurus: ? 85332
- Allosaurus: ? 85332
- Allosaurus fragilis: ? 13281
- Allosaurus fragilis: ? 13281
- Allosaurus fragilis: ? 46207
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Antrodemus valens: ? 10608
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Allosaurus n. sp. ferox: ? 14074
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Allosaurus n. sp. lucaris: ? 7813
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme n. gen. Creosaurus n. sp. atrox: ? 7813
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Antrodemus valens: ? 10618
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Creosaurus atrox: ? 13098
- Formation Morrison
- Big Horn
- Carbon
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 14822
- Allosaurus: ? 24837
- Allosaurus: ? 15179
- Allosaurus: ? 13281
- Allosaurus: ? 13281
- Allosaurus: ? 78581
- Allosaurus identifié comme Antrodemus sp.: ? 10618
- Allosaurus identifié comme Antrodemus sp.: ? 10618
- Allosaurus amplus identifié comme Camptonotus n. sp. amplus: ? 7814
- Allosaurus fragilis: ? 53863
- Allosaurus fragilis: ? 24837
- Allosaurus fragilis identifié comme Antrodemus valens: ? 10618
- Formation Morrison
- Converse
- Crook
- Hot Spings
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 5760
- Formation Morrison
- Hot Springs
- Johnson
- Washakie
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus jimmadseni identifié comme Allosaurus jimmadsoni: ? 41030
- Formation Morrison
- Weston
- Formation Morrison
- Allosaurus: ? 23484
- Formation Morrison
- Albany
- Colorado
- Historique des modifications:
Pas de modification récente.
Publication(s)
La base comprend 80 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 O. C. Marsh. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. American Journal of Science and Arts 14:514-516 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.84.514)
- ↑1 2 O. C. Marsh. 1879. Notice of new Jurassic reptiles. The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 18:501–505 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-18.108.501)
- ↑1 2 3 O. Mateus, A. Walen, and M. T. Antunes. 2006. The large theropod fauna of the Lourinhã Formation (Portugal) and its similarity to that of the Morrison Formation, with a description of a new species of Allosaurus. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:123-129
- ↑1 2 3 O. C. Marsh. 1896. The dinosaurs of North America. United States Geological Survey, 16th Annual Report, 1894-95 55:133-244 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60562)
- ↑1 2 D. J. Chure, R. Litwin, and S. T. Hasiotis, E. Evanoff, K. Carpenter. 2006. The fauna and flora of the Morrison Formation: 2006. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:233-249
- ↑1 2 3 4 O. C. Marsh. 1878. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science and Arts 15:241-244 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-15.87.241)
- ↑1 S. G. Dalman. 2014. Osteology of a large allosauroid theropod from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Morrison Formation of Colorado, USA. Volumina Jurassica 12(2):159-180 (https://doi.org/10.5604/17313708.1130141)
- ↑1 2 O. C. Marsh. 1888. Notice of a new genus of Sauropoda and other new dinosaurs from the Potomac Formation. American Journal of Science 35:89-94 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-35.205.89)
- ↑1 2 A. N. Riabinin. 1915. Zamtka o dinozavry ise Zabaykalya [A note on a dinosaur from the trans-Baikal region]. Trudy Geologichyeskago Muszeyah Imeni Petra Velikago Imperatorskoy Academiy Nauk 8(5):133-140
- ↑1 2 W. Janensch. 1925. Die Coelurosaurier und Theropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten Deutsch-Ostafrikas [The coelurosaurs and theropods of the Tendaguru Formation of German East Africa]. Palaeontographica, Supplement VII (1) 1(1):1-100
- ↑1 O. C. Marsh. 1877. Notice of some new vertebrate fossils. American Journal of Arts and Sciences 14:249-256 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-14.81.249)
- ↑1 2 E. D. Cope. 1878. A new opisthocoelous dinosaur. American Naturalist 12(6):406
- ↑1 2 C. W. Gilmore. 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 110:1-154 (https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.110.i)
- ↑1 2 E. D. Cope. 1877. On a carnivorous dinosaurian from the Dakota Beds of Colorado. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey 3(4):805-806
- ↑1 2 J. Leidy. 1870. [Remarks on Poikilopleuron valens, Clidastes intermedius, Macrosaurus proriger, Baptemys wyomingensis, and Emys stevensonianus]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22(1):3-5
- ↑1 2 G. E. Ray. 1941. Big for his day. Natural History 41:36-39
- ↑1 2 3 A. Danison, M. Wedel, and D. Barta, H. Woodward, H. Flora, A. Lee, E. Snively. 2024. Chimerism in specimens referred to Saurophaganax maximus reveals a new species of Allosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 12(11723):81–114 (https://doi.org/10.18435/vamp29404)
- ↑1 O. Gerke and O. Wings. 2016. Multivariate and cladistic analyses of isolated teeth reveal sympatry of theropod dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic of northern Germany. PLoS One 11(7):e0158334:1-52 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158334)
- ↑1 C. Diedrich. 2011. Upper Jurassic tidal flat megatracksites of Germany—coastal dinosaur migration highways between European islands, and a review of the dinosaur footprints. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 91:129-155 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-010-0044-y)
- ↑1 2 P.-O. Mojon. 2001. Dinosauriens éocretacés des facies purbeckiens (Berriasien inférieur) du Jura méridional (S.-E. de la France) [Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Purbeck facies (lower Berriasian) of the southern Jura (SE France)]. Archives des Sciences Genève 54(1):1-5
- ↑1 W. T. Blows. 1978. Reptiles on the Rocks 2:1-60
- ↑1 2 M. Tamura, Y. Okazaki, and N. Ikegami. 1991. [Occurrence of carnosaurian and herbivorous dinosaurs from upper formation of Mifune Group, Japan]. Kumamoto Daigaku Kyiku Gakubu kiy. Shizen kagaku 40:31-45
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 O. W. M. Rauhut and R. Fechner. 2005. Early development of the facial region in a non-avian theropod dinosaur. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 272:1179-1183 (https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3071)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 J. R. Foster. 2003. Paleoecological analysis of the vertebrate fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23:1-95
- ↑1 2 3 K. Carpenter. 1998. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Morrison Formation near Cañon City, Colorado. Modern Geology 23:407-426
- ↑1 M. Hanson and P. J. Makovicky. 2013. A new specimen of Torvoaurus tanneri originally collected by Elmer Riggs. Historical Biology 26(6):775-784 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.853056)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J. H. Ostrom and J. S. McIntosh. 1999. Marsh's Dinosaurs: The Collections from Como Bluff. Yale University Press, New Haven
- ↑1 2 C. W. Gilmore. 1914. Osteology of the armored Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genus Stegosaurus. United States National Museum Bulletin 89:1-136 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63658)
- ↑1 O. C. Marsh. 1884. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part VIII. The order Theropoda. The American Journal of Science, series 3 27:329-340 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-27.160.329)
- ↑1 D. J. Chure. 2001. On the type and referred material of Laelaps trihedron Cope 1877 (Dinosauria: Theropoda). D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 A. R. Fiorillo and C. L. May. 1996. Preliminary report on the taphonomy and depositional setting of a new dinosaur locality in the Morrison Formation (Brushy Basin Member) of Curecanti National Recreation Area, Colorado. The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60:555-561
- ↑1 2 A. L. Koch, F. Frost, and K. Trujillo. 2006. Palaeontological discoveries at Curecanti National Recreation Area and Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:35-38
- ↑1 K. Carpenter and P. M. Galton. 2001. Othniel Charles Marsh and the myth of the eight-spiked Stegosaurus. The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 P. C. Murphey and D. Daitch. 2014. Paleontological Technical Report: Northern Integrated Supply Project, Proposed U.S. Highway 287 Realignment Larimer County, Colorado (https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137449405_4)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 C. E. Turner and F. Peterson. 1999. Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:77-114
- ↑1 E. L. Holt. 1940. The dinosaurs of the Grand River Valley. Journal of the Colorado-Wyoming Academy of Science 2(6):28-29
- ↑1 J. I. Kirkland. 2006. Fruita Paleontological Area (Upper Jurassic, Morrison Formation), western Colorado: an example of terrestrial taphofacies analysis. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:67-95
- ↑1 J. R. Foster, J. B. McHugh, and J. E. Peterson, M. F. Leschin. 2016. Major bonebeds in mudrocks of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), northern Colorado Plateau of Utah and Colorado. Geology of the Intermountain West 3:33-66 (https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v3.pp33-66)
- ↑1 J. Foster. 2005. Evidence of size-classes and scavenging in the theropod Allosaurus fragilis at the Mygatt-Moore Quarry (Late Jurassic), Rabbit Valley, Colorado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3):59A
- ↑1 A. Stanton. 2004. Taphonomy of the Calico Gulch Quarry, Morrison Formation, Colorado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):117A
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 D. J. Chure and M. A. Loewen. 2020. Cranial anatomy of Allosaurus jimmadseni, a new species from the lower part of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of western North America. PeerJ 8:e7803:1-65 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7803)
- ↑1 B. Schumacher and G. Liggett. 2004. The dinosaurs of Picket Wire Canyonlands, a glimpse into the Morrison basin of southeastern Colorado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3, suppl.):110A
- ↑1 D. R. Richmond and N. Murphy. 2020. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and depositional facies of the Morrison Formation 5ES Quarry of central Montana. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 52(6) (https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020AM-351193)
- ↑1 2 C. T. Smith. 1961. Triassic and Jurassic rocks of the Albuquerque area. New Mexico Geological Society 12th Annual Fall Field Conference, Albuquerque Country. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 12:121-128 (https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-12.121)
- ↑1 2 A. B. Heckert, J. A. Spielmann, and S. G. Lucas, R. Altenberg, D. A. Russell. 2003. An Upper Jurassic theropod dinosaur from the Section 19 Mine, Morrison Formation, Grants Uranium District. In: S. G. Lucas, S. C. Semken, W. Berglof, & D. Ulmer-Scholle (eds.), Geology of the Zuni Plateau. New Mexico Geological Society, Fall Field Conference Guidebook 54:309-314 (https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-54.309)
- ↑1 S. G. Lucas, T. E. Williamson, and J. W. Estep, A. P. Hunt, O. J. Anderson. 1996. Jurassic fossil vertebrates from New Mexico. The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60:235-241
- ↑1 D. D. Gillette. 1991. Seismosaurus halli, gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(4):417-433 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1991.10011413)
- ↑1 S. G. Lucas, K. K. Kietzke, and A. P. Hunt. 1985. The Jurassic system in east-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, 36th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, Santa Rosa, Tucumcari Region (https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-36.213)
- ↑1 2 J. R. Foster. 1996. Sauropod dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 31(1):1-25
- ↑1 J. R. Foster and D. J. Chure. 2006. Hindlimb allometry in the Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus, with comments on its abundance and distribution. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:119-122
- ↑1 W. L. Stokes. 1964. Fossilized stomach contents of a sauropod dinosaur. Science 143:576-577 (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.143.3606.576)
- ↑1 R. L. Kolb, L. E. Davis, and D. D. Gillette. 1996. The theropod dinosaur Allosaurus Marsh from the upper part of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) near Green River, Utah. 1996 Field Symposium: Geology and Resources of the Paradox Basin. Utah Field Association Guidebook 25:339-349
- ↑1 J. Bertog, D. L. Jeffery, and K. Coode, W. B. Hester, R. R. Robinson, J. Bishop. 2014. Taphonomic patterns of a dinosaur accumulation in a lacustrine delta system in the Jurassic Morrison Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica 17(3):36A:1-19 (https://doi.org/10.26879/372)
- ↑1 W. L. Stokes. 1961. Dinosaur Quarry near Cleveland, Utah. Utah Academy Proceedings 38:132-133
- ↑1 J. Howard. 1991. The Mill Canyon Dinosaur Trail. Guidebook for Dinosaur Quarries and Tracksites Tour, Western Colorado and Eastern Utah
- ↑1 D. K. Smith, D. R. Richmond, and P. J. Bybee. 1999. Morphological variation in a large specimen of Allosaurus fragilis, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, eastern Utah. Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:135-141
- ↑1 H. E. Gregory. 1936. The San Juan country. A geographic and geologic reconnassance of southeastern Utah. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 188:v-123
- ↑1 G. C. Agyan. 2021. Taphonomy of Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Morrison Formation Apatosaurus sp. Vertebrae Found Associated with Teeth from Allosaurus sp. and Ceratosaurus sp., and Body Size Extrapolation from the Associated Theropod Teeth (https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.87)
- ↑1 D. J. Chure and G. F. Engelmann. 1989. The fauna of the Morrison Formation in Dinosaur National Monument. In J. J. Flynn (ed.), Mesozoic/Cenozoic Vertebrate Paleontology: Classic Localities, Contemporary Approaches: Field Trip Guide Book T322. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC (https://doi.org/10.1029/ft322p0008)
- ↑1 D. J. Chure. 2000. Utah's first Allosaurus—Marsh's "Megalosaurus" specimen rediscovered. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 45:1-4
- ↑1 2 J. S. McIntosh. 1981. Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18:1-67 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.228597)
- ↑1 J. Mathews, S. Williams, and M. Bonnan, M. Henderson. 2009. The Hanksville-Burpee Quarry: new insights into a sauropod dominated bonebed in the Morrison Formation of eastern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3, suppl.):144A
- ↑1 D. J. Chure, A. R. Fiorillo, and A. Jacobsen. 2000. Prey bone utilization by predatory dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic of North America, with comments on prey bone use by dinosaurs throughout the Mesozoic. Gaia 15:227-232
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 M. V. Connely. 2002. Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Morrison Formation, Como Bluff, Wyoming
- ↑1 H. F. Osborn. 1903. The skull of Creosaurus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 19(31):697-701
- ↑1 R. T. Bird. 1985. Bones for Barnum Brown (https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-684x(85)90285-0)
- ↑1 J. Ayer. 1999. The Howe Ranch Dinosaurs: 10 Years of Dinosaur Digging in Wyoming. Sauriermuseum, Aathal, Switzerland
- ↑1 S. F. Derby, B. E. Bodenbender, and T. M. Demko. 2006. An investigation of microvertebrates in the Morrison Formation near Shell, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 38(4):67
- ↑1 2 B. K. Wilborn. 2001. Two New Dinosaur Bonebeds from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation, Bighorn Basin, WY: An Analysis of the Paleontology and Stratigraphy.
- ↑1 K. Hunter and B. Breithaupt. 2005. Rising from the dust: an Allosaurus' journey to the 21st century. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3, suppl.):72A-73A
- ↑1 2 W. D. Matthew. 1915. Dinosaurs, with Special Reference to the American Museum Collections. American Museum of Natural History, New York
- ↑1 J. S. McIntosh. 1990. The second Jurassic dinosaur rush. Earth Sciences History 9(1):22-27 (https://doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.1.6282582245666570)
- ↑1 S. G. Dalman. 2014. New data on small theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA. Volumina Jurassica 12(2):181-196
- ↑1 2 3 S. W. Williston. 1901. The dinosaurian genus Creosaurus, Marsh. American Journal of Science, series 4 11(11):111-114 (https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-11.62.111)
- ↑1 J. R. Foster, D. C. Pagnac, and R. K. Hunt-Foster. 2020. An unusually diverse northern biota from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Black Hills, Wyoming. Geology of the Intermountain West 7:29-67 (https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v7.pp29–67.)
- ↑1 C. A. Bjoraker-Naus. 1997. The Warm Springs Ranch Dinosaur Locality, Thermopolis, Wyoming. Preliminary flora and fauna analysis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3):32A
- ↑1 T. Ikejiri, P. S. Watkins, and D. J. Gray. 2006. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and taphonomy of a sauropod quarry from the upper Morrison Formation of Thermopolis, central Wyoming. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:39-46
- ↑1 D. S. Jennings, B. F. Platt, and S. T. Hasiotis. 2006. Distribution of vertebrate trace fossils, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA: implications for differentiating paleoecological and preservational bias. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36:183-192
- ↑1 H. Galiano and R. Albersdörfer. 2010. A New Basal Diplodocoid Species, Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus from the Morrison Formation, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming, with Taxonomic Reevaluation of Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, Barosaurus and Other Genera. Dinosauria International (Ten Sleep, WY) Report for September 2010
- ↑1 K. Bader. 2003. The local flora and fauna of a site in the upper Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of northeastern Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3, suppl.):30A
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