Tyrannosauroidea

Description
Source: Wikipédia
Les Tyrannosauroidea, ou tyrannosauroïdes (« de la forme des tyrannosaures ») forment une super-famille (ou clade) éteinte de dinosaures théropodes coelurosauriens comprenant les Tyrannosauridae ainsi que des genres plus basaux qui leur sont étroitement apparentés.
À la fin du Crétacé, ils étaient les grands prédateurs dominants dans l'hémisphère nord, culminant avec l'apparition du gigantesque Tyrannosaurus. Les fossiles de Tyrannosauroidea ont été recueillis dans ce que sont maintenant les continents de l'Amérique du Nord, de l'Europe, de l'Asie, de l'Amérique du Sud et l'Australie.
Les Tyrannosauroidea étaient des carnivores bipèdes, comme l'étaient la plupart des théropodes, et ont été caractérisés par de nombreuses particularités du squelette, notamment le crâne et le bassin. Au début de leur existence, les Tyrannosauroidea étaient de petits prédateurs avec de longues pattes avant munies de trois doigts. Les genres du Crétacé supérieur sont devenus beaucoup plus grands, incluant certains des plus grands prédateurs terrestres de tous les temps, mais la plupart de ces genres plus récents avaient des pattes avant proportionnellement plus petites avec seulement deux doigts. Des plumes primitives ont été identifiées dans les restes fossiles de deux espèces, et sont peut-être également présentes chez d'autres Tyrannosauroidea. Des crêtes osseuses remarquables dans la variété de formes et de tailles, présentes sur les crânes de nombreux Tyrannosauroidea, ont peut-être servi de fonction ornementale.
Information(s)
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- Attibution: ?
- Statut: Valide
- Environnement de découverte: terrestrial
- Mode de vie: terrestrial
- Mode de locomotion: actively mobile
- Vision: ?
- Alimentation: carnivore
- Mode de reprodution: oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile
- Classification: Coelurosauria >> Tetanurae >> Averostra >> Neotheropoda >> Theropoda >> Dinosauria
- Période: Aalenian - Maastrichtian (de -174.70 Ma à -66.00 Ma)
- Descendance(s):
- Genres: Alectrosaurus Appalachiosaurus Calamosaurus Chingkankousaurus Deinodon Dilong Diplotomodon Dryptosaurus Eotyrannus Gualicho Jinbeisaurus Juratyrant Laelaps Moros Raptorex Santanaraptor Stokesosaurus Suskityrannus Teihivenator Timimus Timurlengia Tomodon Xiongguanlong Ouvrir - Fermer
- Coeluridae
- Coelurosauridae (Synonyme subjectif de Coeluridae)
- Deinodontidae (Synonyme subjectif de Tyrannosauridae)
- Proceratosauridae: Guanlong Kileskus Proceratosaurus Sinotyrannus Yutyrannus
- Tyrannosauridae: Aublysodon Bagaraatan Yezosaurus
- Albertosaurinae: Albertosaurus Gorgosaurus
- Aublysodontinae (Synonyme subjectif de Deinodontinae)
- Deinodontinae
- Shanshanosaurinae (Synonyme subjectif de Tyrannosaurinae)
- Tyrannosaurinae: Asiatyrannus Lythronax Nanuqsaurus
- Alioramini: Alioramus Qianzhousaurus
- Daspletosaurini: Daspletosaurus Thanatotheristes
- Tarbosaurini
- Teratophoneini: Bistahieversor Dynamoterror Labocania Teratophoneus
- Tyrannosaurini: Dinotyrannus Dynamosaurus Jenghizkhan Maleevosaurus Manospondylus Nanotyrannus Shanshanosaurus Stygivenator Tarbosaurus Tyrannosaurus Zhuchengtyrannus
- Découverte(s): 376 occcurrences
Ouvrir - FermerArgentine
- Río Negro
- ?
- Formation Huincul
- Gualicho shinyae66123
- Formation Huincul
- ?
- Río Negro
Australie
- Victoria
- ?
- Formation Eumeralla
- Timimus hermani10341
- Formation Eumeralla
- ?
- Victoria
Brésil
- Ceará
- ?
- Formation Romualdo
- Santanaraptor placidus8715
- Formation Romualdo
- ?
- Ceará
Canada
- Alberta
- ?
- Formation ?
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.2997
- Formation Dinosaur Park
- Daspletosaurus16964
- Daspletosaurus91084
- Daspletosaurus52782
- Daspletosaurus torosus73868
- Gorgosaurus libratus77956
- Gorgosaurus libratus4205
- Gorgosaurus libratus91084
- Gorgosaurus libratus4205
- Gorgosaurus libratus4205
- Gorgosaurus libratus17547
- Gorgosaurus libratus62727
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Albertosaurus libratus5924
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Albertosaurus libratus4205
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Albertosaurus libratus15355
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Gorgosaurus n. sp. sternbergi13165
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus10086
- Tyrannosaurus rex5721
- Formation Foremost
- Formation Horseshoe Canyon
- Albertosaurus4218
- Albertosaurus17034
- Albertosaurus76810
- Albertosaurus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus4205
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus9259
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus89295
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus89295
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus4205
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus76179
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus14866
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus70928
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus87547
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus identifié comme Albertosaurus n. sp. arctunguis12347
- Formation Milk River
- Formation Oldman
- Albertosaurus sarcophagus34553
- Daspletosaurus91084
- Daspletosaurus torosus4205
- Daspletosaurus torosus4205
- Daspletosaurus torosus4205
- Daspletosaurus torosus4205
- Daspletosaurus torosus4205
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Albertosaurus libratus4205
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Albertosaurus libratus4205
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon sp.11964
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon sp.11964
- Formation Scollard
- Formation Willow Creek
- Tyrannosaurus rex identifié comme Tyrannosaurus regina82296
- Formation ?
- ?
- Saskatchewan
- Alberta
Chine
- Gansu
- ?
- Formation Xiagou
- Xiongguanlong baimoensis29791
- Formation Xiagou
- ?
- Guangxi
- Hebei
- ?
- Formation Wanchuan
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.12056
- Formation Wanchuan
- ?
- Heilongjiang
- Jiayin
- Formation Yuliangzi
- Tarbosaurus bataar identifié comme Albertosaurus n. sp. periculosus10082
- Formation Yuliangzi
- Jiayin
- Henan
- Luanchuan
- Formation Qiupa
- Tarbosaurus bataar identifié comme Tyrannosaurus n. sp. luanchuanensis9256
- Formation Qiupa
- Luanchuan
- Jiangxi
- Liaoning
- Nei Mongol
- Shandong
- Shanxi
- Tianzhen
- Formation Huiquanpu
- Jinbeisaurus wangi73450
- Formation Huiquanpu
- Tianzhen
- Xinjiang
- Yunnan
- Lanping
- Formation Jingxing
- Tyrannosauroidea identifié comme Tyrannosaurus n. sp. lanpingensis13360
- Formation Jingxing
- Lanping
- Gansu
Espagne
- Aragón
- Teruel
- Formation Blesa
- Tetanurae identifié comme "Prodeinodon" sp.14675
- Formation Blesa
- Teruel
- Aragón
Royaume-Uni
Japon
- Hokkaido
- ?
- Formation Kashima
- Yezosaurus mikasaensis33186
- Formation Kashima
- ?
- Hokkaido
Kazakhstan
- Almaty
- ?
- Formation ?
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.18525
- Formation ?
- ?
- Aqmola
- ?
- Formation ?
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.18525
- Formation ?
- ?
- Ongtüstik Qazaqstan
- ?
- Formation ?
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme "Deinodontidae" indet.16510
- Formation ?
- ?
- Qaraghandy
- ?
- Formation ?
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Deinodontidae indet.16510
- Formation ?
- ?
- Qyzylorda
- Almaty
Mongolie
- Bayankhongor
- Omnogov
- ?
- Formation Nemegt
- Alioramus remotus identifié comme Alioramus n. sp. altai36719
- Bagaraatan ostromi9905
- Tarbosaurus9900
- Tarbosaurus9901
- Tarbosaurus9900
- Tarbosaurus53759
- Tarbosaurus42289
- Tarbosaurus55060
- Tarbosaurus42289
- Tarbosaurus42289
- Tarbosaurus9900
- Tarbosaurus9900
- Tarbosaurus53759
- Tarbosaurus42289
- Tarbosaurus59835
- Tarbosaurus42289
- Tarbosaurus34415
- Tarbosaurus42291
- Tarbosaurus42291
- Tarbosaurus34415
- Tarbosaurus29188
- Tarbosaurus bataar59136
- Tarbosaurus bataar9900
- Tarbosaurus bataar59835
- Tarbosaurus bataar9900
- Tarbosaurus bataar59835
- Tarbosaurus bataar9900
- Tarbosaurus bataar10453
- Tarbosaurus bataar10453
- Tarbosaurus bataar10453
- Tarbosaurus bataar10453
- Tarbosaurus bataar4373
- Tarbosaurus bataar4373
- Tarbosaurus bataar77256
- Tarbosaurus bataar15110
- Tarbosaurus bataar15110
- Tarbosaurus bataar59835
- Tarbosaurus bataar9899
- Tarbosaurus bataar59835
- Tarbosaurus bataar59835
- Tarbosaurus bataar identifié comme Tyrannosaurus n. sp. bataar59137
- Tarbosaurus bataar identifié comme Gorgosaurus n. sp. novojilovi34612
- Tarbosaurus bataar identifié comme n. gen. Tarbosaurus n. sp. efremovi34612
- Tarbosaurus bataar identifié comme Gorgosaurus n. sp. lancinator34612
- Formation Nemegt
- ?
- Ovorkhangai
- ?
- Formation Öösh
- Tetanurae identifié comme n. gen. Prodeinodon n. sp. mongoliense13097
- Formation Öösh
- ?
Mexique
Portugal
- Centro
- Santarem
- Formation Alcobaça
- Morosaurus marchei63601
- Formation Alcobaça
- Santarem
- Centro
Russie
Tadjikistan
États-Unis
- Alabama
- Alaska
- North Slope
- Formation Prince Creek
- Nanuqsaurus hoglundi50357
- Formation Prince Creek
- North Slope
- Colorado
- Georgia
- Stewart
- Formation Blufftown
- Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis85879
- Formation Blufftown
- Stewart
- Maryland
- Missouri
- Bollinger
- Formation ?
- Albertosaurus29954
- Formation ?
- Bollinger
- Montana
- Blaine
- Formation Judith River
- Gorgosaurus libratus identifié comme Laelaps n. sp. falculus15650
- Formation Judith River
- Carter
- Custer
- Formation Hell Creek
- Tyrannosaurus29831
- Formation Hell Creek
- Dawson
- Formation Lance
- Tyrannosaurus rex9259
- Formation Lance
- Fergus
- Gallatin
- Formation Sedan
- Gorgosaurus54639
- Formation Sedan
- Garfield
- Formation Hell Creek
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus12202
- Tyrannosaurus17308
- Tyrannosaurus53020
- Tyrannosaurus rex17469
- Tyrannosaurus rex62838
- Tyrannosaurus rex54064
- Tyrannosaurus rex54064
- Tyrannosaurus rex identifié comme Aublysodon n. sp. molnaris10350
- Tyrannosaurus rex identifié comme Albertosaurus n. sp. megagracilis10350
- Formation Hell Creek
- Glacier
- Hill
- Formation Judith River
- Albertosaurus13103
- Formation Judith River
- McCone
- Powder River
- Teton
- Valley
- Formation Judith River
- Daspletosaurus wilsoni83914
- Formation Judith River
- Blaine
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- North Carolina
- Bladen
- Formation ?
- Gorgosaurus48791
- Formation ?
- Bladen
- North Dakota
- Bowman
- Emmons
- Formation Fox Hills
- Tyrannosaurus85695
- Formation Fox Hills
- Slope
- Slope County
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Utah
- Wyoming
- Albany
- Formation Morrison
- Camarasaurus identifié comme Morosaurus sp.10667
- Camarasaurus identifié comme Morosaurus sp.10606
- Camarasaurus identifié comme Morosaurus ? sp.10606
- Camarasaurus identifié comme Morosaurus sp.13100
- Camarasaurus identifié comme Morosaurus sp.5990
- Camarasaurus grandis identifié comme Morosaurus grandis10618
- Camarasaurus grandis identifié comme n. gen. Morosaurus n. sp. impar7813
- Camarasaurus grandis identifié comme Morosaurus n. sp. robustus7803
- Camarasaurus lentus identifié comme Morosaurus n. sp. lentus10620
- Stokesosaurus clevelandi27086
- Formation Morrison
- Big Horn
- Formation Morrison
- Camarasaurus identifié comme Morosaurus sp.58804
- Formation Morrison
- Carbon
- Formation Ferris
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Tyrannosaurus rex2236
- Tyrannosaurus rex2236
- Tyrannosaurus rex2236
- Tyrannosaurus rex2236
- Formation Medicine Bow
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus2236
- Formation Ferris
- Converse
- Formation Morrison
- Camarasaurus grandis identifié comme Morosaurus grandis52556
- Formation Morrison
- Natrona
- Formation Mesaverde
- Daspletosaurus17857
- Formation Mesaverde
- Niobrara
- Formation Lance
- Albertosaurus774
- Dryptosaurus803
- Dryptosaurus803
- Dryptosaurus803
- Dryptosaurus803
- Dryptosaurus803
- Dryptosaurus803
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus12202
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus12202
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus12202
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme Aublysodon mirandus13103
- Tyrannosauridae identifié comme cf. Aublysodon sp.84885
- Tyrannosaurus17313
- Tyrannosaurus identifié comme Nanotyrannus sp.84885
- Tyrannosaurus rex803
- Tyrannosaurus rex10608
- Tyrannosaurus rex803
- Tyrannosaurus rex803
- Tyrannosaurus rex46207
- Tyrannosaurus rex7389
- Tyrannosaurus rex81886
- Tyrannosaurus rex identifié comme n. gen. Dynamosaurus n. sp. imperiosus9259
- Tyrannosaurus rex identifié comme Nanotyrannus lancensis84885
- Formation Lance
- Park
- Formation Lance
- Tyrannosaurus rex48569
- Formation Lance
- Teton
- Formation Harebell
- Tyrannosaurus85976
- Formation Harebell
- Albany
Ouzbékistan
- Historique des modifications:
- 2025-03-13: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences
- 2025-02-26: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences
- 2025-02-23: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences Age d'apparition (max) Age d'apparition (min) Période d'apparition
- 2025-02-01: Champ(s) mis à jour : Rang Nom accepté
- 2025-01-25: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences
- 2024-12-08: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences
- 2024-09-29: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences
- 2024-09-22: Champ(s) mis à jour : Nombre d'occurences
- 2024-09-07: Création d'une famille à partir des données de pbdb
Publication(s)
La base comprend 203 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 S. Apesteguia, N. D. Smith, and R. J. Valieri, P. J. Makovicky. 2016. An unusual new theropod with a didactyl manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. PLoS One 11(7):e0157793 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157793)
- ↑1 T. H. Rich and P. Vickers-Rich. 1994. Neoceratopsians and ornithomimosaurs: dinosaurs of Gondwana origin?. National Geographic Research and Exploration 10(1):129-131
- ↑1 A. W. A. Kellner. 1999. Short note on a new dinosaur (Theropoda, Coelurosauria) from the Santana Formation (Romualdo Member, Albian), northeastern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Série 49:1-8
- ↑1 2 3 L. S. Russell. 1967. Palaeontology of the Swan Hills area, north-central Alberta. Life Science Contribution, Royal Ontario Museum 71:1-31 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52076)
- ↑1 P. J. Currie. 2005. History of research. Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
- ↑1 2 3 C. C. Coppock, M. J. Powers, and J. T. Voris, H. S. Sharpe, P. J. Currie. 2024. Immature Daspletosaurus sp. specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation provide insight into ontogenetically invariant tyrannosaurid cranial morphology. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 61(12):1227-1239 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2024-0083)
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan and A. P. Russell. 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
- ↑1 C.-g. Yun. 2020. A subadult frontal of Daspletosaurus torosus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada with implications for tyrannosaurid ontogeny and taxonomy. Palarch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 17(2):1-13
- ↑1 P. J. Currie and E. B. Koppelhus. 2015. The significance of the theropod collections of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology to our understanding of Late Cretaceous theropod diversity. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52(8):620-629 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0173)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 D. A. Russell. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology 1:1-34 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031)
- ↑1 L. M. Lambe. 1914. On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon. The Ottawa Naturalist 28:13-20
- ↑1 L. S. Russell. 1966. Dinosaur hunting in western Canada. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 70:1-37 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52089)
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan. 1994. Taphonomy of a Centrosaurus (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) bone bed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3, suppl.):44A
- ↑1 J. Danis. 1986. Quarries of Dinosaur Provincial Park. In B. G. Naylor (ed.), Field Trip Guidebook to Dinosaur Provincial Park, 2 June 1986. Dinosaur Systematics Symposium, Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta
- ↑1 W. D. Matthew and B. Brown. 1922. The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 46(6):367-385
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan, A. P. Russell, and D. A. Eberth, P. J. Currie. 2001. The taphonomy of a Centrosaurus (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) bone bed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada, with comments on cranial ontogeny. Palaios 16:482–506 (https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0482:ttoaco>2.0.co;2)
- ↑1 J. M. Wood, R.G. Thomas, and J. Visser. 1988. Fluvial processes and vertebrate taphonomy: the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation, south-central Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66:127-143 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90085-5)
- ↑1 2 J. T. Voris, F. Therrien, and D. K. Zelenitsky, C. M. Brown. 2020. A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids. Cretaceous Research 110:104388:1-15 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388)
- ↑1 2 3 J. Peng, A. P. Russell, and D. B. Brinkman. 2001. Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25:1-54 (https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115853)
- ↑1 2 D. A. Eberth, P. J. Currie, and D. B. Brinkman, M. J. Ryan, D. R. Braman, J. D. Gardner, V. D. Lam, D. N. Spivak, A. G. Neuman. 2001. Alberta's dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian). In C. L. Hill (ed), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 61st Annual Meeting, Bozeman. Guidebook for the Field Trips: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains, Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3:49-75
- ↑1 M. J. Ryan and D. A. Eberth. 1995. Taphonomy of a hadrosaur (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) bone bed from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (early Maastrichtian), Alberta, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):51A
- ↑1 D. C. Evans, D. A. Eberth, and M. J. Ryan. 2015. Hadrosaurid (Edmontosaurus) bonebeds from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Horsethief Member) at Drumheller, Alberta, Canada: geology, preliminary taphonomy, and significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52:642-654 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0184)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D. H. Tanke and P. J. Currie. 2010. A history of Albertosaurus discoveries in Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(9):1197-1211 (https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-057)
- ↑1 2 3 4 H. F. Osborn. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21(14):259-265
- ↑1 2 3 G. F. Funston, M. J. Powers, and S. A. Whitebone, S. L. Brusatte, J. B. Scannella, J. R. Horner, P. J. Currie. 2021. Baby tyrannosaurid bones and teeth from the Late Cretaceous of western North America 1. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(9):756–777 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0169)
- ↑1 J. C. Mallon, J. R. Bura, and D. Schumann, P. J. Currie. 2020. A problematic tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) skeleton and its implications for tyrannosaurid diversity in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta. The Anatomical Record 303:673-690 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24199)
- ↑1 P. J. Currie. 2000. Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids. Gaia 15:271-277
- ↑1 P. R. Bell and P. J. Currie. 2014. Albertosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) material from an Edmontosaurus bonebed (Horseshoe Canyon Formation) near Edmonton: clarification of palaeogeographic distribution. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51(11):1052-1057 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0050)
- ↑1 W. A. Parks. 1928. Albertosaurus arctunguis, a species of therapodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series 25:1-42
- ↑1 2 3 L. S. Russell. 1935. Fauna of the upper Milk River Beds, southern Alberta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 4(29):115-128
- ↑1 G. M. Erickson, P. J. Makovicky, and P. J. Currie, M. A. Norell, S. A. Yerby, C. A. Brochu. 2004. Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 430:772-775 (https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02699)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 G. S. Paul, W. S. Persons, and J. Van Raalte. 2022. The tyrant lizard king, queen and emperor: multiple lines of morphological and stratigraphic evidence support subtle evolution and probable speciation within the North American genus Tyrannosaurus. Evolutionary Biology 49(2):156-179 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5)
- ↑1 M. M. Gilbert, E. L. Bamforth, and L. A. Buatois, R. W. Renaut. 2018. Paleoecology and sedimentology of a vertebrate microfossil assemblage from the easternmost Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Upper Campanian,) Saskatchewan, Canada: reconstructing diversity in a coastal ecosystem. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 495:227-244 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.016)
- ↑1 D. B. Brinkman, C. Libke, and R. C. McKellar, S. Gasilov, C. M. Somers. 2023. A new pan-kinosternid, Leiochelys tokaryki, gen. et sp. nov., from the late Maastrichtian Frenchman formation, Saskatchewan Canada. The Anatomical Record 306(6):1481-1500 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24952)
- ↑1 T. T. Tokaryk and H. N. Bryant. 2004. The fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan. Summary of Investigations 2004, Volume 1. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2004-4 1:1-12
- ↑1 J. E. Storer. 1993. Additions to the mammalian paleofauna of Saskatchewan. Modern Geology 18(4):475-487
- ↑1 T. T. Tokaryk. 1992. Baptornis sp. (Aves: Hesperornithiformes) from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 66(6):1010-1012 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002093x)
- ↑1 D. Li, M. A. Norell, and K.-Q. Gao, N. D. Smith, P. J. Makovicky. 2009. A longirostrine tyrannosauroid from the Early Cretaceous of China. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277:183–190 (https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0249)
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