Tyrannosaurinae

Publication(s)

La base comprend 94 publication(s).

Source: The Paleobiology Database

• ↑¹ P. J. Currie. 2005. History of research. Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
• ↑^{1 2} C. C. Coppock, M. J. Powers, and J. T. Voris, H. S. Sharpe, P. J. Currie. 2024. Immature Daspletosaurus sp. specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation provide insight into ontogenetically invariant tyrannosaurid cranial morphology. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 61(12):1227-1239 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2024-0083)
• ↑¹ M. J. Ryan and A. P. Russell. 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
• ↑¹ C.-g. Yun. 2020. A subadult frontal of Daspletosaurus torosus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada with implications for tyrannosaurid ontogeny and taxonomy. Palarch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 17(2):1-13
• ↑¹ J. M. Wood, R.G. Thomas, and J. Visser. 1988. Fluvial processes and vertebrate taphonomy: the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation, south-central Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66:127-143 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90085-5)
• ↑^{1 2} J. T. Voris, F. Therrien, and D. K. Zelenitsky, C. M. Brown. 2020. A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids. Cretaceous Research 110:104388:1-15 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} D. A. Russell. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Paleontology 1:1-34 (https://doi.org/10.1139/e72-031)
• ↑¹ D. A. Eberth, P. J. Currie, and D. B. Brinkman, M. J. Ryan, D. R. Braman, J. D. Gardner, V. D. Lam, D. N. Spivak, A. G. Neuman. 2001. Alberta's dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian). In C. L. Hill (ed), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 61st Annual Meeting, Bozeman. Guidebook for the Field Trips: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains, Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3:49-75
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7} G. S. Paul, W. S. Persons, and J. Van Raalte. 2022. The tyrant lizard king, queen and emperor: multiple lines of morphological and stratigraphic evidence support subtle evolution and probable speciation within the North American genus Tyrannosaurus. Evolutionary Biology 49(2):156-179 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5)
• ↑¹ D. B. Brinkman, C. Libke, and R. C. McKellar, S. Gasilov, C. M. Somers. 2023. A new pan-kinosternid, Leiochelys tokaryki, gen. et sp. nov., from the late Maastrichtian Frenchman formation, Saskatchewan Canada. The Anatomical Record 306(6):1481-1500 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24952)
• ↑¹ T. T. Tokaryk and H. N. Bryant. 2004. The fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan. Summary of Investigations 2004, Volume 1. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2004-4 1:1-12
• ↑¹ P. Godefroit, S. Zan, and L. Jin. 2000. Charonosaurus jiayinensis n. g., n. sp., a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian of northeastern China. Compte Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des planètes 330:875-882 (https://doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)00214-7)
• ↑¹ Z. Dong. 1979. Cretaceous dinosaurs of Hunan, China. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China: Selected Papers from the "Cretaceous-Tertiary Workshop", Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology & Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.), Science Press, Nanxiong, China
• ↑¹ W. Zheng, X. Jin, and J. Xie, T. Du. 2024. The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China. Scientific Reports 14:16276 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66278-5)
• ↑¹ J. Lü, L. Yi, and S. L. Brusatte, L., Yang, H. Li, L. Chen. 2014. A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyannosaurids. Nature Communications 5(1):3788:1-10 (https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4788)
• ↑^{1 2} D. W. E. Hone, K. Wang, and C. Sullivan, X. Zhao, S. Chen, D. Li, S. Ji, Q. Ji, X. Xu. 2011. A new, large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research 32:495-503 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.03.005)
• ↑¹ S. F. Poropat and B. P. Kear. 2013. Reassessment of coelurosaurian (Dinosauria, Theropoda) remains from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group of Shandong Province, China. Cretaceous Research 45:103-113 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.08.005)
• ↑¹ Z. Dong. 1977. On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15(1):59-66
• ↑¹ R.-j. Zhai, J.-j. Zheng, and Y.-s. Tong. 1978. [Stratigraphy of the mammal-bearing Tertiary of the Turfan Basin, Sinkiang]. Reports of Paleontological Expedition to Sinkiang. III. Permian and Triassic Vertebrate Fossils of Dzungaria Basin and Tertiary Stratigraphy and Mammalian Fossils of Turfan Basin 13:68-81
• ↑¹ Z. Dong. 1992. Dinosaurian Faunas of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing
• ↑^{1 2} S. M. Kurzanov. 1976. Noviy pozdnemelovoy karnozavr is Nogon-Tsava, Mongoliya [A new late Mesozoic carnosaur from Nogon-Tsav, Mongolia]. Paleontology and Biostratigraphy of Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions 3:93-104
• ↑¹ S. L. Brusatte, T. D. Carr, and G. M. Erickson, G. S. Bever, M. A. Norell. 2009. A long-snouted, multihorned tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(41):17261-17266 (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906911106)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7} R. Gradzinski, J. Kazmierczak, and J. Lefeld. 1968. Geographical and geological data from the Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions. Palaeontologia Polonica 198:33-82
• ↑¹ Z. Kielan-Jaworowska and K. Kowalski. 1965. Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions to the Gobi Desert in 1963 and 1964. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Cl. II 13(3):175-179
• ↑^{1 2} M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1997. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:69-82
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5} M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1993. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:17-29
• ↑¹ M. Watabe, S. Suzuki, and K. Tsogtbaatar, T. Tsubamoto, M. Saneyoshi. 2010. Report of the HMNS-MPC Joint Paleontological Expedition in 2006. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:11-18
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6} P. J. Currie. 2016. Dinosaurs of the Gobi: Following in the footsteps of the Polish-Mongolian Expeditions. Palaeontologia Polonica 67:83-100 (https://doi.org/10.4202/pp.2016.67_083)
• ↑^{1 2} S. Ishigaki, M. Watabe, and K. Tsogtbaatar, M. Saneyoshi. 2009. Dinosaur footprints from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Geological Quarterly 53(4):449-460
• ↑^{1 2} W. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1994. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:30-44
• ↑¹ P. J. Currie, D. Badamgarav, and E. B. Koppelhus. 2003. The first Late Cretaceous footprints from the Nemegt locality in the Gobi of Mongolia. Ichnos 10:1-12 (https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940390235071)
• ↑¹ R. Gradzinski, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and T. Maryanska. 1977. Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions. Acta Geologica Polonica 27(3):281-318
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} R. Gradzinski and T. Jerzykiewicz. 1972. Additional geographical and geological data from the Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions. Palaeontologia Polonica 27:17-306
• ↑^{1 2} A. Perle, L. M. Chiappe, and R. Barsbold, J. M. Clark, M. A. Norell. 1994. Skeletal morphology of Mononykus olecranus (Theropoda: Avialae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3105:1-29
• ↑¹ P. R. Bell, P. J. Currie, and Y.-N. Lee. 2012. Tyrannosaur feeding traces on Deinocheirus (Theropoda:?Ornithomimosauria) remains from the Nemegt Formation (Late Cretaceous), Mongolia. Cretaceous Research 37:186-190 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.018)
• ↑^{1 2} J. H. Hurum and K. L. Sabath. 2003. Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(2):161-190
• ↑¹ Z. Kielan-Jaworowska and R. Barsbold. 1972. Narrative of the Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions 1967-1971. Palaeontologia Polonica 27:5-136
• ↑¹ E. A. Maleev. 1955. [Giant carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia]. Doklady, Academy of Sciences USSR 1955, 104(4):634-637
• ↑^{1 2 3} E. A. Maleev. 1955. [New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia]. Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR 104(5):779-783
• ↑¹ R. E. Molnar. 1974. A distinctive theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Baja California (Mexico). Journal of Paleontology 48(5):1009-1017
• ↑^{1 2} H. E. Rivera-Sylva and N. Longrich. 2024. A new tyrant dinosaur from the late Campanian of Mexico reveals a tribe of southern tyrannosaurs. Fossil Studies 2(4):245–272 (https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils2040012)
• ↑¹ Á. A. Ramírez-Velasco and R. Hernández-Rivera. 2015. Diversity of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from Mexico. Boletín Geológico y Minero 126(1):63-108
• ↑^{1 2} J. Van Itterbeeck, Y. L. Bolotsky, and P. Bultynck, P. Godefroit. 2005. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeoecology of the dinosaur-bearing Kundur section (Zeya-Bureya Basin, Amur region, far eastern Russia). Geological Magazine 142(6):735-750
• ↑¹ A. O. Averianov and A. A. Yarkov. 2004. Carnivorous dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Maastrichtian of the Volga-Don interfluve, Russia. Paleontological Journal 38(1):78-82
• ↑¹ A. R. Fiorillo and R. S. Tykoski. 2014. A diminutive new tyrannosaur from the top of the world. PLoS ONE 9(3):e91287 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091287)
• ↑¹ J. R. Horner and D. Lessem. 1993. The Complete T. rex (https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/40-4-560)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5} K. Carpenter and D. B. Young. 2002. Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado. Rocky Mountain Geology 37(2):237-254 (https://doi.org/10.2113/11)
• ↑¹ K. Carpenter. 1979. Vertebrate fauna of the Laramie Formation (Maestrichtian), Weld County, Colorado. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 17(1):37-49
• ↑¹ W. G. Joyce, T. R. Lyson, and S. Williams. 2016. New cranial material of Gilmoremys lancensis (Testudines, Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation of southeastern Montana, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6):e1225748:1-10 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1225748)
• ↑¹ H. N. Thomas, D. W. E. Hone, and T. Gomes, J. E. Peterson. 2025. Infernodrakon hastacollis gen. et sp. nov., a new azhdarchid pterosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana, and the pterosaur diversity of Maastrichtian North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (e2442476) (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2024.2442476)
• ↑¹ C. W. Gilmore. 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 106(13):1-19
• ↑¹ J. C. Mathews, S. L. Brusatte, and S. A. Williams, M. D. Henderson. 2009. The first Triceratops bonebed and its implications for gregarious behavior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):286-290 (https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0126)
• ↑^{1 2} H. F. Osborn. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21(14):259-265
• ↑¹ M. A. Urban and M. C. Lamanna. 2006. Evidence of a giant tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Campanian) of Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum 75(4):231-235 (https://doi.org/10.2992/0097-4463(2006)75[231:eoagtd]2.0.co;2)
• ↑¹ M. B. Goodwin, W. A. Clemens, and J. R. Horner, K. Padian. 2006. The smallest known Triceratops skull: new observations on ceratopsid cranial anatomy and ontogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1):103-112 (https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[103:tsktsn]2.0.co;2)
• ↑¹ J. R. MacDonald. 1966. The search for the king of the tyrant lizards. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Quarterly 4(3):18-22
• ↑¹ R. E. Molnar. 1980. An albertosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Journal of Paleontology 54(1):102-108
• ↑¹ M. Odano. 1978. Tyrannosaurus rex and the amateurs. Terra 17(2):16-23
• ↑^{1 2} H. F. Osborn. 1909. Extinct mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes. Fortieth Annual Report of the American Museum of Natural History for the Year 1908
• ↑^{1 2} G. S. Paul. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon & Schuster, New York
• ↑¹ M. O. R. Database. 2006. MOR collections database.
• ↑^{1 2 3} T. D. Carr, D. J. Varricchio, and J. C. Sedlmayr, E. M. Roberts, J. R. Moore. 2017. A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system. Scientific Reports 7:44942:1-11 (https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44942)
• ↑^{1 2} C. Lupton, D. Gabriel, and R. M. West. 1980. Paleobiology and depositional setting of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate locality, Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 18(2):117-126
• ↑¹ T. S. Kelly. 2014. Preliminary report on the mammals form Lane's Little Jaw Site Quarry: a latest Cretaceous (earliest Puercan?) local fauna, Hell Creek Formation, southeastern Montana. Paludicola 10(1):50-91
• ↑^{1 2} F. H. Knowlton. 1909. The stratigraphic relations and paleontology of the "Hell Creek beds," Ceratops beds" and equivalents, and their reference to the Fort Union Formation. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 11(3):179-238
• ↑¹ D. J. Varricchio. 2001. Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts. Journal of Paleontology 75(2):401-406 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018199)
• ↑^{1 2} A. L. Titus, K. Knoll, and J. J. W. Sertich, D. Yamamura, C. A. Suarez, I. J. Glasspool, J. E. Ginouves, A. K. Lukacic, E. M. Roberts. 2021. Geology and taphonomy of a unique tyrannosaurid bonebed from the upper Campanian Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah: implications for tyrannosaurid gregariousness. PeerJ 9:e11013:1-50 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11013)
• ↑¹ G. F. Funston, M. J. Powers, and S. A. Whitebone, S. L. Brusatte, J. B. Scannella, J. R. Horner, P. J. Currie. 2021. Baby tyrannosaurid bones and teeth from the Late Cretaceous of western North America 1. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(9):756–777 (https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0169)
• ↑¹ E. A. Warshaw and D. W. Fowler. 2022. A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana. PeerJ 10:e14461 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14461)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} T. D. Carr and T. E. Williamson. 2010. Bistahieversor sealeyi, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(1):1-16 (https://doi.org/10.1080/02724630903413032)
• ↑¹ D. W. Fowler and R. M. Sullivan. 2006. A ceratopsid pelvis with toothmarks from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, New Mexico: evidence of Late Campanian tyrannosaurid feeding behavior. In: S. G. Lucas & R. M. Sullivan, Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:127-130
• ↑¹ N. M. M. Database. 2010. NMMNH collections database. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
• ↑¹ A. T. McDonald, D. G. Wolfe, and A. C. Dooley. 2018. A new tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation of New Mexico. PeerJ 6:e5749:1-25 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5749)
• ↑¹ R. M. Sullivan, S. G. Lucas, and D. R. Braman. 2005. Dinosaurs, pollen, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin. New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Field Conference, Geology of the Chama Basin. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 56:395-407 (https://doi.org/10.56577/ffc-56.395)
• ↑¹ S. G. Dalman, M. A. Loewen, and R. A. Pyron, S. E. Jasinski, D. E. Malinzak, S. G. Lucas, A. R. Fiorilllo, P. J. Currie, N. R. Longrich. 2024. A giant tyrannosaur from the Campanian–Maastrichtian of southern North America and the evolution of tyrannosaurid gigantism. Scientific Reports 13:22124:1-11 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47011-0)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23} D. A. Pearson, T. Schaefer, and K. R. Johnson, D. J. Nichols, J. P. Hunter. 2002. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota. The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:145-167 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.145)
• ↑¹ J. W. Hoganson, J. M. Erickson, and F. D. Holland. 2007. Amphibian, reptilian, and avian remains from the Fox Hills Formation (Maastrichtian): shoreline and estuarine deposits of the Pierre Sea in south-central North Dakota. The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America Special Paper 427:239-256 (https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2427(18))
• ↑^{1 2} P. A. Holroyd and J. H. Hutchison. 2002. Patterns of geographic variation in latest Cretaceous vertebrates: evidence from the turtle component. Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:177-190 (https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.177)
• ↑^{1 2} W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
• ↑¹ R. Larson, R. Nellermoe, and R. Gould. 2003. A study of theropod teeth from a low-species-density hadrosaur bone bed in the lower Hell Creek Formation in Corson Co., S.D. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3, suppl.):70A-71A
• ↑^{1 2} M. T. Greenwald. 1971. The Lower Vertebrates of the Hell Creek Formation, Harding County, South Dakota.
• ↑^{1 2} M. A. Loewen, R. B. Irmis, and J. J. W. Sertich, P. J. Currie, S. D. Sampson. 2013. Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceans. PLoS ONE 8(11):e79420 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079420)
• ↑¹ T. D. Carr, T. E. Williamson, and B. B. Britt, K. L. Stadtman. 2011. Evidence for high taxonomic and morphologic tyrannosauroid diversity in the Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. Naturwissenschaften 98(3):241-246 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-0762-7)
• ↑^{1 2 3 4} J. A. Lillegraven and J. J. Eberle. 1999. Vertebrate faunal changes through Lancian and Puercan time in southern Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 73(4):691-710 (https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000032510)
• ↑¹ D. G. DeMar, Jr. and B. H. Breithaupt. 2006. The nonmammalian vertebrate microfossil assemblages of the Mesaverde Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Campanian) of the Wind River and Bighorn Basins, Wyoming. Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:33-54
• ↑¹ M. G. Lockley, G. Nadon, and P. J. Currie. 2003. A diverse dinosaur-bird footprint assemblage from the Lance Formation, Upper Cretaceous, eastern Wyoming; implications for ichnotaxonomy. Ichnos 11:229-249 (https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940490428625)
• ↑^{1 2} K. Snyder, M. McLain, and J. Wood, A. V. Chadwick. 2020. Over 13,000 elements from a single bonebed help elucidate disarticulation and transport of an Edmontosaurus thanatocoenosis. PLoS One 15(5):e0233182:1-31 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233182)
• ↑^{1 2 3} R. Estes. 1964. Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49:1-187
• ↑¹ C. W. Gilmore. 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 110:1-154 (https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.110.i)
• ↑¹ J. S. McIntosh. 1981. Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18:1-67 (https://doi.org/10.5962/p.228597)
• ↑¹ K. Derstler. 1995. The Dragons' Grave: an Edmontosaurus bonebed containing theropod egg shells and juveniles, Lance Formation (uppermost Cretaceous), Niobrara County, Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):26A
• ↑¹ D. A. Ein. 1992. A dinosaur by any other name. Lapidary Journal 46(8):24-28
• ↑¹ S. G. Dalman. 2013. New examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54(2):241-254 (https://doi.org/10.3374/014.054.0202)
• ↑¹ J.-P. M. Hodnett, M. T. Carrano, and V. L. Santucci, J. S. Tweet, C. C. Visaggi. 2023. A tyrannosaur (Dinosauria; Theropoda; Tyrannosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Harebell Formation of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 94:233-238