Sao Khua
Description
Source: Wikipédia
The Sao Khua Formation (Thai: หมวดหินเสาขัว) is a middle member of the Khorat Group. It consists of an alteration of pale red to yellowish-gray, fine to medium-grained sandstone and grayish-reddish brown siltstone and clay. Rare pale red to light gray conglomerates, containing carbonate pebbles, are also characteristic of this formation. This geological formation in Thailand dates to the Early Cretaceous age, specifically the Valanginian through Hauterivian stages.
Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
Découvertes
Source: The Paleobiology Database
Site(s) correspondant(s) à cette formation: 41Phu Wiang 1, Phu Pratu Teema : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9665 9666 9702 30935 30939 31086 31098 31131 31132 36763 43669 46355 62069
10 km E of Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand; Khorat plateau. Located a few meters from PW3, the first dinosaur discovery in Thailand.Phu Wiang 1A, Phu Pratu Teema : Khon Kaen - ? 9665 9669 25207 31098 31131 83328
Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. Same location as Phu Wiang site 1, but different stratigraphic level- Sauropoda
- Theropoda
- Compsognathidae
- Spinosauridae identifié comme Siamosaurus suteethorni n. gen. n. sp.
Phu Wiang 2, Tham Ghia : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9665 30935 31098
Tham Ghia, near Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE ThailandPhu Wiang 3, Huai Pratu Teema : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9665 9706 30935 31098 31131 52017
Phu Wiang (= Phuwieng), about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. Locality of first dinosaur discovery in Thailand - sauropod femur, washed out of original layer by a creek. In the Phetchabun region, 300 km NNW of Bangkok.Phu Wiang 4, Noen Sao Eh : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9665 30935 30938 31098
10 km E of Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. In a forest area.Phu Wiang 5, Sun Ya Ka : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9665 30935 31098
Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. "This site was discovered in 1991 by John and Moo Lek. They were looking for a new locality after a lightning struck near them while they were working at site 1." (Martin et al., 1999:86)Phu Wiang 5A : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9665 9705 30930 30935 30938 31086 31097 36763
about 10 meters from P.W.5 (Sum Ya Ka), Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand.- Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae
- Spinosauridae identifié comme Siamosaurus suteethorni
- Kinnareemimus khonkaenensis
Phu Wiang 5B : Khon Kaen - ? 9665
same location as P.W.5A but at a higher stratigraphic level. Ampho Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand.Phu Wiang 6, Dong Keng : Khon Kaen - ? 9665 31098
10 km E of Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand. Phu Khum Khao, K4 : Kalasin - Sahat Sakhan 9665 9696 9702 9705 13040 14080 30935 31086 31097 31132 36763
Wat Sakawan temple, at the foot of Phu Khum Khao hill, Sahat Sakhan dsitrict, 30 km N of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE Thailand. Site of Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Research CentrePhu Noi, Phu Wiang 7 [Sao Khua Formation] : Khon Kaen - ? 9665 31098
10 km E of Phu Wiang, about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE Thailand.Phu Wiang 9A : Khon Kaen - ? 9665 69147
about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE ThailandPhu Wiang 11, Sum Bak Low : Khon Kaen - ? 9665
about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE ThailandPhu Kao 1 : Khon Kaen - ? 9665 31098
about 75 km NNW of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, NE ThailandPhu Pha Ngo, K1 : Kalasin - Kuchi Narai 9665 9702 30935 31098 31114 31132
near Wat Pha Sawan temple at foot of Phu Pha Ngo, about 75 km E of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE ThailandBan Non Mek, K2 : Kalasin - Kuchi Narai 9665 30935 31098
about 75 km E of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE Thailand. 10 km S of Phu Pha Ngo- Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae
- Spinosauridae identifié comme Siamosaurus suteethorni
Phu Pha Ngo Pond, K5 : Kalasin - Kuchi Narai 9665 30935
pond near temple at Phu Pha Ngo, about 75 km E of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE ThailandPhu Pha Ngo Hilltop, K6 : Kalasin - Kuchi Narai 9665
near temple at Phu Pha Ngo, about 75 km E of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE ThailandHuai Huat, SN1 : Sakon Nakhon - ? 9665 31098
about 35 km SE of Sakhan Nakhon, Sakhan Nakhon province, NE ThailandKhok Doo 1 : Udon Thani - ? 9665
Khok Doo (Khok Du), coordinates for Udon Thani, N central ThailandKhok Doo 2 : Udon Thani - ? 9665 90009
Khok Doo (Khok Du), coordinates for Udon Thani, N central ThailandPhu Hin Lat Tuppha, NB1 : Nong Bua Lam Phu - Nong Bua Lam Phu 9665 9702 13040 31131 90009
approx. 30 km SW of Udon Thani, N central Thailand. Quarry between Udon Thani and Nong Bua Lam Phy; Phu Hin Lat Thap Fa = Phu Hin Lat TupphaMukdahan 2 : Mukdahan - ? 9665
approx. 30 km SW of Mukdahan, Mukdahan province, E ThailandPhu Wiang 9 : Khon Kaen - Phu Wiang 9705 25804 31086 31097 62069 81586
near Phu Wiang (same as site 9A), about 70 km NW of Khon Kaen, NE ThailandBan Na Khrai, K11 : Kalasin - ? 14597 30935 30938 31132
across Phu Pha Ngo pond, 50 m from K5Phu Phok : Sakon Nakhon - Phu Phan 26659 29769 30939 37481 43669
Phu Phok site, on a slope of the Phu Phan mountain range, SE Sakhan Nakhon province, Kok-Prasil sub-district, Phu Phan district- Spinosauridae identifié comme Siamosaurus suteethorni
- Theropoda
Khok Kong : Kalasin - ? 28284 30939 43669
coordinate based on Ban Khok (GNS reports no Khok Kong in Kalasin Province)- Theropoda
- Spinosauridae identifié comme Siamosaurus sp.
Wat Sakawan temple : Kalasin - Sahat Sakhan 30935 31098
Wat Sakawan temple, at the foot of Phu Khum Khao hill, Sahat Sakhan dsitrict, 30 km N of Kalasin, Kalasin province, NE ThailandBan Na Sombun, K16 : Kalasin - Sahat Sakhan 30935 30938
Ban Na Sombun, near bottom of Phu PhengPhu Kao tracksite : Nong Bua Lam Phu - ? 31997 36763 90009 90823
Phu Kao, in a seasonally dry river bed (Phu Khao National Park)Nong Sung tracksite : Mukdahan - ? 31997
in a roadcut S of Nong SungAo Kalang village, Kut Island : Udon Thani - ? 37549 79979 90009
seaside outcrop on SE coast of Kut Island, S of Ao Kalang village (Ban Ao Kalang in ThaiPhu Phan Thong : Udon Thani - ? 45531 90009
"The shark teeth described in the present work have been obtained from bulk sampling in the overbank of the road 210 between Nong Bua Lamphu and Udon Thani, near the village of Phu Phan Thong.The exact location of the site can be requested from the Department of Mineral Resources in Bangkok."Phu Din Daeng : Changwat - Amphoe 69051
The Phu Din Daeng site is located in Tambon (sub-District) SiChompu, Amphoe (District) Na Kae, Changwat (Province) NakhonPhanom, NE Thailand (Fig. 1). The outcrop where fossils were discovered corresponds to a small erosional area at the northeasternend of the anticline of the Phu Phan Range, on the Khorat Plateau.
Coordinates based on Phu Din Daeng site in Google Maps.Phu Wat Site A1 : Nong Bua Lam Phu - ? 69147 90009
Nong Sang, Nong Bua Lamphu Province, ThailandPhu Wiang 9B : Khon Kaen - ? 69147 81585
Phu Wiang Site 9B (approximately 300 m away from site 9A), Phu Wiang Mountain, Khon Kaen Province, ThailandPhu Sung : Sakon Nakhon - ? 70304
found by a forest ranger in the National Reserved Forest of Phu Lom Khao and Phu Peg areahighway 210, Non Than : Udon Thani - ? 90009
discovered during the construction of highway 210 near the Non Than SubdistrictPhu Wat B : Khon Kaen - ? 90009
Phu Wat, 40 km NW of Khon Kaen cityBan Huay Dua, Non Than : Udon Thani - ? 90009
Ban Huay Dua, Non Than village, Non Than SubdistrictPhu Phan Thong 3 : Udon Thani - ? 90009
"The shark teeth described in the present work have been obtained from bulk sampling in the overbank of the road 210 between Nong Bua Lamphu and Udon Thani, near the village of Phu Phan Thong.The exact location of the site can be requested from the Department of Mineral Resources in Bangkok."
Publication(s)
La base comprend 43 publication(s).
Source: The Paleobiology Database
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 E. Buffetaut. 1983. Stratigraphic significance of fossil vertebrates from the Mesozoic of northeastern Thailand. Conference on Geology and Mineral Resources of Thailand, Bangkok, 19-28 November, 1983
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 V. Martin, V. Suteethorn, and E. Buffetaut. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2:39-91
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut and V. Suteethorn. 1989. A sauropod skeleton associated with theropod teeth in the Upper Jurassic of Thailand: remarks on the taphonomic and palaeoecological significance of such associations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 73:77-83 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90046-1)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 E. Buffetaut and V. Suteethorn. 1993. The dinosaurs of Thailand. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 8(1-4):77-82 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-9547(93)90009-e)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 S. Suteethorn, J. Le Loeuff, and E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, C. Talubmook, C. Chonglakmani. 2009. A new skeleton of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from NE Thailand. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:189-215 (https://doi.org/10.1144/sp315.14)
- ↑1 2 3 R. Amiot, E. Buffetaut, and C. Lécuyer, V. Fernandez, F. Fourel, F. Martineau, V. Suteethorn. 2009. Oxygen isotope composition of continental vertebrate apatites from Mesozoic formations of Thailand; environmental and ecological significance. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:271-283 (https://doi.org/10.1144/sp315.19)
- ↑1 2 3 4 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and H. Tong, Y. Chaimanee, S. Khansubha. 1997. New dinosaur discoveries in the Jurassic and Cretaceous of northeastern Thailand. Proceedings of the International Conference on Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia and the South Pacific, 19-24 August 1997, Bangkok
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 V. Martin, E. Buffetaut, and V. Suteethorn. 1993. Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs of Thailand: a preliminary report. International Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: Facies & Paleontology, 31 January–5 February 1993, Chang Mai, Thailand
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and J. Le Loeuff, G. Cuny, H. Tong, S. Khansubha. 2002. A review of the sauropod dinosaurs of Thailand. The Symposium on Geology of Thailand, Bangkok, 26-31 August 2002
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 E. Buffetaut. 1998. The succession of dinosaur assemblages in Thailand. I Encontro Internacional sobre Paleobiologia dos Dinossáurios. Museu Nacional de História Natural, Lisboa
- ↑1 2 3 R. Amiot, X. Wang, and Z. Zhou, X. Wang, E. Buffetaut, C. Lécuyer, Z. Ding, F. Fluteau, T. Hibino, N. Kusuhashi, J. Mo, V. Suteethorn, Y. Wang, X. Xu, F. Zhang. 2011. Oxygen isotopes of East Asian dinosaurs reveal exceptionally cold Early Cretaceous climates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(13):5179-5183 (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011369108)
- ↑1 S. Suteethorn, J. Le Loeuff, and E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn. 2010. Description of topotypes of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae, a sauropod from the Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Thailand, and their phylogenetic implications. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 256(1):109-121 (https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0036)
- ↑1 2 E. Buffetaut. 1997. Southeast Asian dinosaurs. Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
- ↑1 2 E. Buffetaut and R. Ingavat. 1983. Goniopholis phuwiangensis nov. sp., a new mesosuchian crocodilian from the Mesozoic of northeastern Thailiand. Géobios 16(1):79-91
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut and R. Ingavat. 1986. Unusual theropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic of Phu Wiang, northeastern Thailand. Revue de Paléobiologie 5(2):217-220
- ↑1 K. Wongko, K. Lauprasert, and E. Buffetaut, S. Suteethorn, V. Suteethorn. 2011. The palaeoenvironment of the spinosaurid‐bearing strata in the Khok Kruat Formation from northeastern Thailand. European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists, 9th Annual Meeting, Program and Abstracts
- ↑1 2 R. Ingavat, P. Janvier, and P. Taquet. 1978. Découverte en Thailande d'une portion de fémur de Dinosaure sauropode (Saurischia, Reptilia) [Discovery in Thailiand of a portion of femur from a sauropod dinosaur (Saurischia, Reptilia)]. Comptes Rendus Sommaire de la Société Geologique de France 3:140-141
- ↑1 R. Ingavat and P. Taquet. 1978. First discovery of dinosaur remain in Thailand. Geology and Mineral Resources of Thailand. Special Issue for III GEOSEA. Third Regional Conference on Geology and Mineral Resources of Southeast Asia 3(1):SP1-1-SP1-6
- ↑1 2 3 4 N. Klein, M. Sander, and V. Suteethorn. 2009. Bone histology and its implications for the life history and growth of the Early Cretaceous titanosaur Phuwangosaurus sirindhornae. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:217-228 (https://doi.org/10.1144/sp315.15)
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and V. Martin, H. Tong, Y. Chaimanee, S. Triamwichanon. 1995. New dinosaur discoveries in Thailand. International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (Geo-Indo '95), 22-25 November 1995, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- ↑1 2 3 E. Buffetaut and V. Suteethorn. 1999. The dinosaur fauna of the Sao Khua Formation of Thailand and the beginning of the Cretaceous radiation of dinosaurs in Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 150:13-23 (https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(99)00004-8)
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and H. Tong. 2009. An early 'ostrich dinosaur' (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria) from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of NE Thailand. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:229-243 (https://doi.org/10.1144/sp315.16)
- ↑1 2 3 4 E. Buffetaut. 1983. Mesozoic vertebrates from Thailand: a review. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 28(1-2):43-53
- ↑1 V. Suteethorn, V. Martin, and E. Buffetaut, S. Triamwichanon, Y. Chaimanee. 1995. A new dinosaur locality in the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Thailand. Compte Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, série IIa 321:1041-1047
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut and V. Suteethorn. 1998. Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from Thailand and their bearing on the early evolution and biostratigraphical history of some groups of Cretaceous dinosaurs. Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14:205-210
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 A. Samathi, P. Chanthasit, and P. M. Sander. 2019. Two new basal coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of Thailand. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64(2):239-260 (https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00540.2018)
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and V. Martin, Y. Chaimanee, H. Tong-Buffetaut. 1993. Biostratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group of northeastern Thailand: the contribution of vertebrate paleontology. International Symposium on Biostratigraphy of Mainland Southeast Asia: Facies & Paleontology, 31 January–5 February 1993, Chang Mai, Thailand
- ↑1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 A. Samathi, S. Suteethorn, and T. Boonjarern, K. Sutcha, V. Suteethorn. 2024. Dinosaur fauna from the Lower Cretaceous of Phu Kao-Phu Phan Kham, northeastern Thailand: a review and update. Palaeoworld 33(2):420–438 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.007)
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and H. Tong. 1996. The earliest known tyrannosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Nature 381:689-691 (https://doi.org/10.1038/381689a0)
- ↑1 A. Samathi, P. M. Sander, and P. Chanthasit. 2021. A spinosaurid from Thailand (Sao Khua Formation, Early Cretaceous) and a reassessment of Camarillasaurus cirugedae from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. Historical Biology 33(12):3480-3494 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1874372)
- ↑1 S. Suteethorn, V. Suteethorn, and E. Buffetaut, J. Le Loeuff, C. Chonglakmani, C. Tarubmuk. 2005. Description and comparison of sauropod remains discovered in Ban Na Khrai, Kalasin Province (Lower Cretaceous of North-eastern Thailand). Current Research in Vertebrate Palaeontolgy. 3rd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists (EAVP). Kaupia 14:104
- ↑1 2 E. Buffetaut, G. Grellet-Tinner, and V. Suteethorn, G. Cuny, H. Tong, A. Kosir, L. Cavin, S. Chitsing, P. J. Griffiths, J. Tabouelle, J. Le Loeuff. 2005. Minute theropod eggs and embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand and the dinosaur-bird transition. Naturwissenschaften 92(10):477-482 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-005-0022-9)
- ↑1 K. Lauprasert, G. Cuny, and E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, K. Thirakhupt. 2007. Siamosuchus phuphokensis, a new goniopholidid from the Early Cretaceous (ante-Aptian) of northeastern Thailand. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 178(3):201-216 (https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.3.201)
- ↑1 K. Lauprasert, C. Laojumpon, and W. Saenphala, G. Cuny, K. Thirakhupt, V. Suteethorn. 2011. Atoposaurid crocodyliforms from the Khorat Group of Thailand: first record of Theriosuchus from Southeast Asia. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85:37-47 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-010-0071-z)
- ↑1 2 E. Buffetaut, G. Dyke, and V. Suteethorn, H. Tong. 2005. First record of a fossil bird from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Comptes Rendus Palevol 4(8):681-686 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2005.06.002)
- ↑1 2 3 J. Le Loeuff, T. Saenyamoon, and C. Souillat, V. Suteethorn, E. Buffetaut. 2009. Mesozoic vertebrate footprints of Thailand and Laos. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:245-254 (https://doi.org/10.1144/SP315.17)
- ↑1 T. Liard, R. Liard, and K. Sutcha. 2019. Dinosaur footprints from the Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Phu Kao National Park, northeast Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie 105(3):217–222 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2019.07.001)
- ↑1 2 G. Cuny, C. Laojumpon, and O. Cheychiw, K. Lauprasert. 2010. Fossil vertebrate remains from Kut Island (Gulf of Thailand, Early Cretaceous). Cretaceous Research 31:415-423 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.007)
- ↑1 E. Buffetaut, S. Suteethorn, and V. Suteethorn, H. Tong, K. Wongko. 2019. Spinosaurid teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Ko Kut, eastern Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie 105:239-243 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2019.03.006)
- ↑1 2 G. Cuny, V. Suteethorn, and S. Kamha, E. Buffeteut, M. Philippe. 2006. A new hybodont shark assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Historical Biology 18(1):21-31 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960500510495)
- ↑1 2 H. Tong, E. Buffetaut, and V. Suteethorn, S. Suteethorn, G. Cuny, L. Cavin, U. Deesri, J. E. Martin, K. Wongko, W. Naksri, J. Claude. 2019. Phu Din Daeng, a new Early Cretaceous vertebrate locality on the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie 105(3):223-237 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2019.04.004)
- ↑1 A. Samathi, S. Suteethorn, and N. Pradit, V. Suteethorn. 2022. New material of Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the type locality: Implications for the early evolution of Megaraptora. Cretaceous Research 131:105093 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105093)
- ↑1 2 P. Chanthasit, S. Suteethorn, and W. Naksri, H. Tong, K. Wongko, T. Sonoda. 2019. New vertebrate fossil site from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation, Sakon Nakhon Province, northeastern Thailand. Open Journal of Geology 9:619-622 (https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2019.910057)
Galerie d'image
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