Skeletal diagram of Spicomellus afer showing known fossil material of the holotype (NHMUK PV R37412) and referred (USMBA 5–84) specimens. Scale bar=1 m. Note: Many osteoderms of various morphologies are preserved in the referred specimen. However, the placement of these elements is unclear in most cases. Maidment et al. (2025) provided a speculative reconstruction of Spicomellus, most of which is followed here. As such, there are many other interpretations that are equally valid and the one presented here is not intended to represent the 'most likely one.' Ossified tendons preserved on the tail 'handle' have been omitted to avoid obscuring the vertebrae. Key  =Holotype (NHMUK PV R37412)  =Referred (USMBA 5–84)  =Unknown References "Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur" "Extreme armour in the world's oldest ankylosaur" "Redescription of Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum, a polacanthid ankylosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Albany County, Wyoming" "The ankylosaurid neomorphic skull elements" "A new ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of China, with comments on ankylosaurian relationships" (Gobisaurus domoculus) "Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile" (Stegouros elengassen) "The basal nodosaurid ankylosaur Europelta carbonensis n. gen., n. sp. From the Lower Cretaceous (Lower Albian) Escucha Formation of Northeastern Spain" "A new basal ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (Chuanqilong chaoyangensis) "North America's first pre-Cretaceous ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of western Colorado" (Mymoorapelta maysi) "Redescription of Gastonia burgei (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria, Polacanthidae), and description of a new species" (Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae)