Sous-ordre
Valide Éteint

Pachycephalosauria

(Maryańska and Osmólska 1974)

Les Pachycephalosauria sont une super-famille ou un clade fossile d'ornithischiens qui se sont développés au Crétacé dans ce qui est aujourd'hui l'Amérique du Nord et l'Asie. C'étaient tous des bipèdes herbivores au crâne épais. Chez certaines espèces, le sommet du crâne forme un dôme de plusieurs centimètres d'épaisseur. Ce crâne peut être entouré de minuscules cornes (Pachycephalosaurus) ou d'épines (« Stygimoloch »).

Plage temporelle
Trias
Jurassique
Crétacé
Paléogène
Néogène
252 201 145 66 0 Ma
Occurrences PBDB
176
Groupe
Dinosaures
Herbivore Vivant au sol, grégaire Terrestre
Pachycephalosauria
cliquer pour agrandir
Montage of four pachycephalosaurs. Clockwise from top left: Stegoceras, Prenocephale, Pachycephalosaurus and Homalocephale. These files are already on Commons with their respective licenses. This montage was made for the article Pachycephalosauria on Wikipedia. File:Stegoceras mount.jpg File:Dinosauria - Prenocephale.jpg File:Fossil Pachycephalosaurus.jpg File:Homalocephale skull.jpg © PaleoNeolitic (montage creator) Lewis Kelly Tylwyth Eldar Momotarou2012 FunkMonk · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia

Légende en anglais — traduction française non disponible.

PBDB Wikipedia
Classification
Dinosauria Clade non classé
Ornithischia Clade non classé
Neornithischia Clade non classé
Pyrodontia Clade non classé
Cerapoda Clade non classé
Marginocephalia Clade non classé
Pachycephalosauria Sous-ordre
Sites de découverte 176 sites géolocalisés
Répartition
Principaux pays
🇺🇸 États-Unis
89
🇨🇦 Canada
68
🇲🇳 Mongolie
15
🇨🇳 Chine
3
🇲🇽 Mexique
1
Formations géologiques
Oldman
15
Lance
11
Nemegt
10
Aguja
9
Distribution temporelle
Maastrichtien (72.2–66 Ma)
65
Campanien (83.6–72.2 Ma)
107
Santonien (85.7–83.6 Ma)
2
Turonien (93.9–89.8 Ma)
1
Albien (113.2–100.5 Ma)
1
Bibliographie
Description originale
T. Maryańska and H. Osmólska. 1974. Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. Palaeontologia Polonica 30:45-102
Bibliographie (74)
T. Chinzorig, R. Takasaki, and J. Yoshida, R. T. Tucker, B. Buyantegsh, B. Mainbayar, K. Tsogtbaatar, L. E. Zanno. 2025. A domed pachycephalosaur from the early Cretaceous of Mongolia. Nature 646(8087):1138-1145 DOI ↗
D. C. Woodruff, J. R. Horner, and M. B. Goodwin, D. C. Evans. 2025. The first pachycephalosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation: effects of the Western Interior Seaway on North American pachycephalosaurid evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 205(2):zlaf087 DOI ↗
S. L. Wick and T. M. Lehman. 2024. A rare ‘flat-headed’ pachycephalosaur (Dinosauria: Pachycephalosauridae) from West Texas, USA, with morphometric and heterochronic considerations. Geobios 86(78):89–106 DOI ↗
A. F. Wroblewski. 2024. Southernmost record of the pachycephalosaurine Stygimoloch spinifer and palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous North American dinosaurs. Lethaia 57(4):1–10 DOI ↗
J. R. Horner, M. B. Goodwin, and D. C. Evans. 2023. A new pachycephalosaurid from the Hell Creek Formation, Garfield County, Montana, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 42(4):e2190369:1-14 DOI ↗
Y. Lee, L. L. Jacobs, and P. J. Currie, R. Barsbold. 2023. Narrative of the Korea-Mongolian International Dinosaur expeditions (KID) 2006–2010 with scientific results. Windows into Sauropsid and Synapsid Evolution: Essays in Honor of Louis L. Jacobs
S. A. Whitebone, G. F. Funston, and P. J. Currie. 2023. An unusual microsite from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43(5):e2316668 DOI ↗
D. C. Woodruff, R. K. Schott, and D. C. Evans. 2023. Two new species of small-bodied pachycephalosaurine (Dinosauria, Marginocephalia) from the uppermost Cretaceous of North America suggest hidden diversity in well-sampled formations. Papers in Palaeontology 9(6):e1535 DOI ↗
D. C. Evans, C. M. Brown, and H. You, N. E. Campione. 2021. Description and revised diagnosis of Asia's first recorded pachycephalosaurid, Sinocephale bexelli gen. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(10) DOI ↗
M. A. McLain, P. V. Ullmann, and R. D. Ash, K. Bohnstedt, D. Nelsen, R. O. Clark, L. R. Brand, A. V. Chadwick. 2021. Independent confirmation of fluvial reworking at a Lance Formation (Maastrichtian) bonebed by traditional and chemical taphonomic analyses. PALAIOS 36(6):193-215 DOI ↗
B. Moore. 2021. The Postcranial Anatomy of Pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) and Its Phylogenetic and Myological Implications. DOI ↗
W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
K. Snyder, M. McLain, and J. Wood, A. V. Chadwick. 2020. Over 13,000 elements from a single bonebed help elucidate disarticulation and transport of an Edmontosaurus thanatocoenosis. PLoS One 15(5):e0233182:1-31 DOI ↗
D. C. Evans, S. Hayashi, and K. Chiba, M. Watabe, M. J. Ryan, Y.-N. Lee, P. J. Currie, K. Tsogtbaatar, R. Barsbold. 2018. Morphology and histology of new cranial specimens of Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Nemegt Formation, Mongolia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 494:121-134 DOI ↗
T. M. Cullen, F. Fanti, and C. Capobianco, M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans. 2016. A vertebrate microsite from a marine-terrestrial transition in the Foremost Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada, and the use of faunal assemblage data as a paleoenvironmental indicator. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 444:101-114 DOI ↗
J. C. Mallon, D. C. Evans, and T. T. Tokaryk, M. L. Currie. 2015. First pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Frenchman Formation (upper Maastrichtian) of Saskatchewan, Canada. Cretaceous Research 56:426-431 DOI ↗
T. S. Kelly. 2014. Preliminary report on the mammals form Lane's Little Jaw Site Quarry: a latest Cretaceous (earliest Puercan?) local fauna, Hell Creek Formation, southeastern Montana. Paludicola 10(1):50-91
H. E. Rivera-Sylva and K. Carpenter. 2014. The ornithischian dinosaurs of Mexico. Dinosaurs and Other Reptiles from the Mesozoic of Mexico
D. C. Evans, T. E. Williamson, and M. A. Loewen, J. I. Kirkland. 2013. Review of pachycephalosaurian dinosaurs from Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah
D. C. Evans, R. K. Schott, and D. W. Larson, C. M. Brown, M. J. Ryan. 2013. The oldest North American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs. Nature Communications 4:1828 DOI ↗
S. E. Jasinski and R. M. Sullivan. 2011. Re-evaluation of pachycephalosaurids from the Fruitland-Kirtland transition (Kirtlandian, late Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico, with a description of a new species of Stegoceras and a reassessment of Texacephale langstoni. Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 53:202-215
M. Watabe, K. Tsogtbaatar, and R. M. Sullivan. 2011. A new pachycephalosaurid from the Baynshire Formation (Cenomanian-late Santonian), Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 53:489-497
T. M. Lehman. 2010. Pachycephalosauridae from the San Carlos and Aguja Formations (Upper Cretaceous) of West Texas, and observations of the frontoparietal dome. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(3):786-798 DOI ↗
N. R. Longrich, J. Sankey, and D. Tanke. 2010. Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA. Cretaceous Research 31:274-284 DOI ↗
F. Fanti and T. Miyashita. 2009. A high latitude vertebrate fossil assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of west-central Alberta, Canada: evidence for dinosaur nesting and vertebrate latitudinal gradient. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 275(1-4):37-53 DOI ↗
T. E. Williamson, T. D. Carr, and S. A. Williams, K. Tremaine. 2009. Early ontogeny of pachycephalosaurine squamosals as revealed by juvenile specimens from the Hell Creek Formation, eastern Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):291-294 DOI ↗
J. T. Sankey. 2008. Vertebrate paleoecology from microsites, Talley Mountain, Upper Aguja Formation (Late Cretaceous), Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA. Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography
L. E. Wilson. 2008. Comparative taphonomy and paleoecological reconstruction of two microvertebrate accumulations from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), eastern Montana. Palaios 23:289-297 DOI ↗
R. T. Bakker, R. M. Sullivan, and V. Porter, P. Larson, S. J. Saulsbury. 2006. Dracorex hogwartsia, n. gen., n. sp., a spiked, flat-headed pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota. Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:331-345
M. T. Carrano. 2006. Fossil Vertebrate Collections, Museum of the Rockies
R. M. Sullivan and S. G. Lucas. 2006. The pachycephalosaurid dinosaur Stegoceras validum from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:329-330
R. M. Sullivan. 2006. A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:348-365
M. T. Carrano. 2005. Fossil Vertebrate Collections, University of California Museum of Paleontology
T. T. Tokaryk and H. N. Bryant. 2004. The fauna from the Tyrannosaurus rex excavation, Frenchman Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan. Summary of Investigations 2004, Volume 1. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Saskatchewan Industry Resources, Miscellaneous Report 2004-4 1:1-12
R. M. Sullivan. 2003. Revision of the dinosaur Stegoceras Lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):181-207 DOI ↗
T. E. Williamson and T. D. Carr. 2003. A new genus of derived pachycephalosaurian from western North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(4):779-801 DOI ↗
P. A. Holroyd and J. H. Hutchison. 2002. Patterns of geographic variation in latest Cretaceous vertebrates: evidence from the turtle component. Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:177-190 DOI ↗
J. Peng, A. P. Russell, and D. B. Brinkman. 2001. Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25:1-54 DOI ↗
M. J. Ryan and A. P. Russell. 2001. Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
J. T. Sankey. 2001. Late Campanian southern dinosaurs, Aguja Formation, Big Bend, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 75(1):208-215 DOI ↗
R. M. Sullivan. 2000. Prenocephale edmontonensis (Brown and Schlaikjer) new comb. and P. brevis (Lambe) new comb. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17:177-190
M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1993. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:17-29
M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Cretaceous fossil localities and a list of fossils collected by the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences and Mongolian Paleontological Center Joint Paleontological Expedition (JMJPE) from 1993 through 1998. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:99-108
J. A. Lillegraven and J. J. Eberle. 1999. Vertebrate faunal changes through Lancian and Puercan time in southern Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 73(4):691-710 DOI ↗
P. D. Semonche. 1999. A diverse bonebed near K/T bounary in Wyoming. In: Abstracts of papers: Fifty-ninth annual meeting of Society of Vertebrate Paleontologists; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(3 Suppl.):1-78
D. B. Brinkman, M. J. Ryan, and D. A. Eberth. 1998. The paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of ceratopsids (Ornithischia) in the Upper Judith River Group of western Canada. Palaios 13:160-169 DOI ↗
M. B. Goodwin, E. A. Buccholtz, and R. E. Johnson. 1998. Cranial anatomy and diagnosis of Stygimoloch spinifer (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) with comments on cranial display structures in agonistic behavior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(2):363-375 DOI ↗
X. Yu. 1998. [Characteristics of dinosaur fossils from southern Anhui and their significance for stratigraphic position]. Regional Geology of China 17(3):278-284
M. B. Goodwin and R. E. Johnson. 1995. A new skull of the pachycephalosaur Stygimoloch casts doubt on head butting behavior. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):32A
D. A. Russell and M. Triebold. 1995. An associated skeleton of a large pachycephalosaur from the Hell Creek Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(3, suppl.):51A
J. E. Storer. 1993. Additions to the mammalian paleofauna of Saskatchewan. Modern Geology 18(4):475-487
M. B. Goodwin. 1990. Morphometric landmarks of pachycephalosaurid cranial material from the Judith River Formation of northcentral Montana. Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge DOI ↗
A. R. Fiorillo. 1989. The vertebrate fauna from the Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Wheatland and Golden Valley counties, Montana. Mosasaur 4:127-142
E. B. Giffin. 1989. Notes on pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia). Journal of Paleontology 63(4):525-529 DOI ↗
M. B. Goodwin. 1989. New occurrences of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs from the Hell Creek Formation, Garfield County, Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9(3, suppl.):23A
E. B. Giffin, D. L. Gabriel, and R. E. Johnson. 1988. A new pachycephalosaurid skull (Ornithischia) from the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7(4):398-407 DOI ↗
P. R. Bjork. 1985. Preliminary report on the Ruby Site bone bed, Upper Cretaceous South Dakota. Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, Abstracts with Programs 17(4):209
P. M. Galton and H.-D. Sues. 1983. New data on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20(3):462-472 DOI ↗
A. Perle, T. Maryanska, and H. Osmólska. 1982. Goyocephale lattimorei gen. et sp. n., a new flat-headed pachycephalosaur (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 27(1-4):115-127
W. P. Wall and P. M. Galton. 1979. Notes on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from North America, with comments on their status as ornithopods. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16:1176-1186 DOI ↗
J. G. Armstrong-Ziegler. 1978. An aniliid snake and associated vertebrates from the Campanian of New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 52(2):480-483
L.-H. Hou. 1977. A new primitive Pachycephalosauria from Anhui, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15(3):198-202
T. Maryańska and H. Osmólska. 1974. Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. Palaeontologia Polonica 30:45-102
A. Sahni. 1972. The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147(6):321-412
M. T. Greenwald. 1971. The Lower Vertebrates of the Hell Creek Formation, Harding County, South Dakota.
R. Estes, P. Berberian, and C. A. M. Meszoely. 1969. Lower vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Breviora 337:1-33
Z. Kielan-Jaworowska and K. Kowalski. 1965. Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions to the Gobi Desert in 1963 and 1964. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Cl. II 13(3):175-179
C. M. Sternberg. 1945. Pachycephalosauridae proposed for dome-headed dinosaurs, Stegoceras lambei, n. sp., described. Journal of Paleontology 19(5):534-538
B. Brown and E. M. Schlaikjer. 1943. A study of the troödont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 82(5):115-150
C. W. Gilmore. 1931. A new species of troödont dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79(9):1-6 DOI ↗
C. W. Gilmore. 1924. On Troodon validus, an orthopodous dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Department of Geology, University of Alberta Bulletin 1:1-43
L. M. Lambe. 1918. The Cretaceous genus Stegoceras typifying a new family referred provisionally to the Stegosauria. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 12:23-36
L. M. Lambe. 1902. New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous). Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3(2):25-81
J. Leidy. 1872. Remarks on some extinct vertebrates. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24(1):38-40