Classification
Dinosauria
Clade non classé
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Theropoda
Clade non classé
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Neotheropoda
Clade non classé
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Averostra
Clade non classé
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Tetanurae
Clade non classé
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Megalosauroidea
Superfamille
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Spinosauridae
Famille
Sites de découverte 171 sites géolocalisés
Répartition
Principaux pays
Formations géologiques
Distribution temporelle
Campanien
(83.6–72.2 Ma)
3
Turonien
(93.9–89.8 Ma)
1
Cénomanien
(100.5–93.9 Ma)
48
Albien
(113.2–100.5 Ma)
18
Aptien
(121.4–113.2 Ma)
22
Barrémien
(125.77–121.4 Ma)
51
Hauterivien
(132.6–125.77 Ma)
15
Valanginien
(137.05–132.6 Ma)
5
Berriasien
(143.1–137.05 Ma)
3
Tithonien
(149.2–143.1 Ma)
3
Kimméridgien
(154.8–149.2 Ma)
1
Bathonien
(168.2–165.3 Ma)
1
Synonymes (4)
Irritatoridae
subjective synonym of Spinosauridae
Siamosaurus
nomen dubium Spinosauridae
Siamosaurus suteethorni
nomen dubium, species not entered Spinosauridae
Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis
nomen dubium, species not entered Spinosauridae
Bibliographie
Description originale
E. Stromer. 1915. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen., nov. spec. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse Abhandlung 28(3):1-31
Bibliographie (115)
P. C. Sereno, D. Vidal, and N. P. Myhrvold, E. Johnson-Ransom, M. Ciudad Real, S. L. Baumgart, N. Sánchez Fontela, T. L. Green, E. T. Saitta, B. Adamou, L. L. Bop, T. M. Keillor, E. C. Fitzgerald, D. B. Dutheil, R. A. S. Laroche, A. V. Demers-Potvin. 2026. Scimitar-crested Spinosaurus species from the Sahara caps stepwise spinosaurid radiation. Science 391(6787):1-10
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G. Olmedo Romaña, J. Wilson Mantilla, and J. Tejada, P. Olivier Antoine, M. Burga-Castillo, A. Aliaga-Castillo, R. Varas-Malca, A. Benites-Palomino, R. Salas-Gismondi. 2025. Campanian-Maastrichtian dinosaurs from the Bagua Basin of Perú: first possible report of Spinosauridae in western South America. Ameghiniana 62(4)
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K. L. N. Bandeira, B. A. Navarro, and R. V. Pêgas, N. S. Brilhante, A. S. Brum, L. G. de Souza, R. C. da Silva, V. Gallo. 2024. A reassessment of the historical fossil findings from Bahia State (Northeast Brazil) reveals a diversified dinosaur fauna in the Lower Cretaceous of South America. Historical Biology
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C. T. Barker, L. Handford, and D. Naish, S. Wills, C. Hendrickx, P. Hadland, D. Brockhurst, N. J. Gostling. 2024. Theropod dinosaur diversity of the lower English Wealden: analysis of a tooth‐based fauna from the Wadhurst Clay Formation (Lower Cretaceous: Valanginian) via phylogenetic, discriminant and machine learning methods. Papers in Palaeontology 10(6):1–38
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M. N. Fabianelli, R. D. Juárez Valieri, and R. M. Lindoso, J. G. Meso, G. C. Salinas, J. A. Haro, A. Prieto-Marquez. 2024. Returning the dragon to its cave: the spinosaurid nature of the purported ornithopod materials from the ‘Middle’ Cretaceous Alcântara Formation, northeastern Brazil. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nuevo serie 26(2):205–215
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E. Isasmendi, E. Cuesta, and I. Díaz-Martínez, J. Company, P. Sáez-Benito, L. I. Viera, A. Torices, X. Pereda-Suberbiola. 2024. Increasing the theropod record of Europe: a new basal spinosaurid from the Enciso Group of the Cameros Basin (La Rioja, Spain). Evolutionary implications and palaeobiodiversity. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202(3):1–34
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A. Samathi, S. Suteethorn, and T. Boonjarern, K. Sutcha, V. Suteethorn. 2024. Dinosaur fauna from the Lower Cretaceous of Phu Kao-Phu Phan Kham, northeastern Thailand: a review and update. Palaeoworld 33(2):420–438
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C. T. Barker, D. Naish, and N. J. Gostling. 2023. Isolated tooth reveals hidden spinosaurid dinosaur diversity in the British Wealden Supergroup (Lower Cretaceous). PeerJ 11:e15453:1-40
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J. M. Gasca, J. Parilla-Bel, and M. Moreno-Azanza, P. Navarro‐Lorbés, J. I. Canudo. 2023. Testing the usefulness of the surface collecting method in a vertebrate microfossil site from the Barremian of Spain (Los Menires, Mirambel Formation). Diversity 15(2):135:1-19
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M. B. S. Lacerda, P. R. L. Aragão, and F. S. Vieira, M. A. F. Sales, A. Liparini. 2023. On the first Baryonychinae (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) teeth from South America. Zootaxa 5264(4):526-544
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M. B. S. Lacerda, M. B. de Andrade, and M. A. F. Sales, P. R. L. Aragão, F. S. Vieira, J. S. Bittencourt, A. Liparini. 2023. The vertebrate fossil record from the Feliz Deserto Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Sergipe, NE Brazil: paleoecological, taphonomic, and paleobiogeographic implications. Cretaceous Research 147
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A. Santos-Cubedo, C. de Santisteban, and B. Poza, S. Meseguer. 2023. A new spinosaurid dinosaur species from the Early Cretaceous of Cinctorres (Spain). Scientific Reports 13:6471:1-13
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A. Sharma, F. E. Novas, and S. Singh. 2023. First Jurassic evidence of a possible spinosaurid pedal ungual from the Jaisalmer Basin, India. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 129(3):653-670
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C. T. Barker, J. A. Lockwood, and D. Naish, S. Brown, A. Hart, E. Tulloch, N. J. Gostling. 2022. A European giant: a large spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Vectis Formation (Wealden Group, Early Cretaceous), UK. PeerJ 10(4443):e13543
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S. Ji, P. Zhang, and D. Lu. 2022. [New materials of the Early Cretaceous spinosaurid Theropoda teeth of Napai Basin Fusui County Guangxi]. Geological Bulletin of China 41(9):1509-1515
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O. Mateus and D. Estraviz-López. 2022. A new theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Cabo Espichel, Portugal: implications for spinosaurid evolution. PLoS One 17(2):e0262614:1-48
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S. Parra and A. Sellés. 2022. New cranial remains of the broad-nosed crocodile Elosuchus (Pholidosauridae; Mesoeucocodrylia) and its palaeoecological implications. Historical Biology
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P. C. Sereno, N. P. Myhrvold, and D. M. Henderson, F. E. FIsh, D. Vidal, S. L. Baumgart, T. M. Keillor, K. K. Formoso, L. L. Conroy. 2022. Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur. Elife 11:e80092:1-44
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C. T. Barker, D. W. E. Hone, and D. Naish, A. Cau, J. A. F. Lockwood, B. Foster, C. E. Clarkin, P. Schneider, N. J. Gostling. 2021. New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae. Scientific Reports 11:19340:1-16
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T. C. de França, N. S. Brilhante, and Y. d. O. M. Nobre, M. A. Medeiros, R. M. Lindoso, F. R. Costa. 2021. The first record of a spinosaurid pedal ungual from Brazil (Boca do Forno Ravine, Itapecuru Formation, Parnaíba Basin). Historical Biology 34(9):1817-1826
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S. D. Figueiredo, C. N. d. Carvalho, and P. P. Cunha, I. d. S. Carvalho. 2021. New dinosaur tracks from the lower Barremian of Portugal (Areia do Mastro Formation, Cape Espichel). Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 9:84-96
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J. M. Gasulla, F. Escaso, and E. Malafaia, P. Mocho, I. Narváez, A. Pérez-García, D. Vidal, J. L. Sanz, F. Ortega. 2021. Nuevos yacimientos de vertebrados de la Formación Arcillas de Morella (Cretácico Inferior, Barremiense) en la Concesión Minera Vega del Moll (Morella, Castellón) []. La Huella Humana en la Naturaleza. XXIV Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Libro de Resúmenes
A. Samathi, P. M. Sander, and P. Chanthasit. 2021. A spinosaurid from Thailand (Sao Khua Formation, Early Cretaceous) and a reassessment of Camarillasaurus cirugedae from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. Historical Biology 33(12):3480-3494
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S. Hattori and Y. Azuma. 2020. Spinosaurid teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of the Tetori Group, Fukui, Japan. Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 19:1-9
E. Malafaia, J. M. Gasulla, and F. Escaso, I. Narvaéz, F. Ortega. 2020. An update of the spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) fossil record from the Lower Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula: distribution, diversity, and evolutionary history. Journal of Iberian Geology 46:431-444
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T. M. S. Arden, C. G. Klein, and S. Zouhri, N. R. Longrich. 2019. Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in spinosaurids. Cretaceous Research 93:275-284
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E. Buffetaut, S. Suteethorn, and V. Suteethorn, H. Tong, K. Wongko. 2019. Spinosaurid teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Ko Kut, eastern Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie 105:239-243
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L. Cavin, U. Deesri, and M. Veran, B. Khentavonge, P. Jintasakulf, P. Chanthasitg, R. Allain. 2019. A new Lepisosteiformes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Laos and Thailand, SE Asia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17(5):593-407
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P. Chanthasit, S. Suteethorn, and W. Naksri, H. Tong, K. Wongko, T. Sonoda. 2019. New vertebrate fossil site from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation, Sakon Nakhon Province, northeastern Thailand. Open Journal of Geology 9:619-622
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R. J. Lakin and N. R. Longrich. 2019. Juvenile spinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) from the middle Cretaceous of Morocco and implications for spinosaur ecology. Cretaceous Research 93:129-142
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E. Malafaia, J. M. Gasulla, and F. Escaso, i. Narváez, J. L. Sanz, F. Ortega. 2019. A new spinosaurid theropod (Dinosauria: Megalosauroidea) from the late Barremian of Vallibona, Spain: Implications for spinosaurid diversity in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula. Cretaceous Research
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H. Tong, E. Buffetaut, and V. Suteethorn, S. Suteethorn, G. Cuny, L. Cavin, U. Deesri, J. E. Martin, K. Wongko, W. Naksri, J. Claude. 2019. Phu Din Daeng, a new Early Cretaceous vertebrate locality on the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie 105(3):223-237
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K. Wongko, E. Buffetaut, and S. Khamha, K. Lauprasert. 2019. Spinosaurid theropod teeth from the red beds of the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) in northeastern Thailand. Tropical Natural History 19(1):8-20
A. Alonso, J. M. Gasca, and P. Navarro-Lorbés, C. Rubio, J. I. Canudo. 2018. A new contribution to our knowledge of the large-bodied theropods from the Barremian of the Iberian Peninsula: the “Barranco del Hocino” site (Spain). Journal of Iberian Geology 44(1):7-23
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T. Aureliano, A. M. Ghilardi, and P. V. Buck, M. Fabbri, A. Samathi, R. Delcourt, M. A. Fernandes, P. M. Sander. 2018. Semi-aquatic adaptations in a spinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Cretaceous Research 90:283-295
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J. M. Gasca, I. Díaz-Martínez, and M. Moreno-Azanza, J. I. Canudo, A. Alonso. 2018. A hypertrophied ungual phalanx from the lower Barremian of Spain: implications for the diversity and palaeoecology of Spinosauridae (Theropoda) in Iberia. Cretaceous Research 84:141-152
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A. Hassler, J. E. Martin, and R. Amiot, T. Tacail, F. Arnaud Godet, R. Allain, V. Balter. 2018. Calcium isotopes offer clues on resource partitioning among Cretaceous predatory dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285(876):20180197:1-8
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P. Navarro-Lorbés and A. Torices. 2018. Preliminary analysis of theropod teeth from “El Horcajo”, Lower Cretaceous, La Rioja, Spain. Life Finds a Way. XVI Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología. Libro de Resumenes
A. Alonso, J. I. Canudo, and F. Torcida Fernández-Baldor. 2016. Isolated theropod teeth associated with sauropod remains from El Oterillo II (Early Cretaceous) site of Salas de los Infantes (Burgos, Spain). VII Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Libro de Resúmenes
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A. Gabani, C. Mammeri, and M. Adaci, M. Bensalah, M. Mahboubi. 2016. Le Crétacé continental à vertébrés de la bordure sud du plateau de Tinhert: découvertes paléontologiques et considérations stratigraphiques [The continental Cretaceous vertebrates of the southern border of the Tinhert Plateau: paleontological discoveries and stratigraphic considerations]. Mémoire du service géologique de l’Algérie 19:39-61
M. Benyoucef, E. Läng, and L. Cavin, K. Mebarki, M. Adaci, M. Bensalah. 2015. Overabundance of piscivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) in the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa: the Algerian dilemma. Cretaceous Research 55:44-55
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A. Serrano-Martínez , F. Ortega, and L. Sciscio, J. E. Tent-Manclús, I. F. Bandera, F. Knoll. 2015. New theropod remains from the Tiourarén Formation
(?Middle Jurassic, Niger) and their bearing on the dental evolution in basal tetanurans. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 126:107-118
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N. Ibrahim, P. C. Sereno, and C. Dal Sasso, S. Maganuco, M. Fabbri, D. M. Martill, S. Zouhri, N. Myhrvold, D. A. Iurino. 2014. Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur. Science 345(6204):1613-1616
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J. Mo, C. Huang, and S. Xie, E. Buffetaut. 2014. A megatheropod tooth from the Early Cretaceous of Fusui, Guangxi, Southern China. Acta Geologica Sinica 88(1):6-12
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B. Sánchez-Hernández and M. J. Benton. 2014. Filling the ceratosaur gap: a new ceratosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59(3):581-600
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R. Vullo, D. Abit, and M. Ballèvre, J.-P. Billon-Bruyat, R. Bourgeais, É. Buffetaut, V. Daviero-Gomez, G. Garcia, B. Gomez, J.-M. Mazin, S. Morel, D. Néraudeau, J. Pouech, J.-C. Rage, J. Schnyder, H. Tong. 2014. Palaeontology of the Purbeck-type (Tithonian, Late Jurassic) bonebeds of Chassiron (Oléron Island, western France). Comptes Rendus Palevol 13(5):421-441
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E. Läng, L. Boudad, and L. Maio, E. Samankassou, J. Tabouelle, H. Tong, L. Cavin. 2013. Unbalanced food web in a Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblage. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 381–382:26-32
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B. McFeeters, M. J. Ryan, and S. Hinic-Frlog, C. Schröder-Adams. 2013. A reevaluation of Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (Dinosauria) from the Cretaceous of Morocco. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50(6):636-649
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P. C. Sereno and S. J. ElShafie. 2013. A New Long-Necked Turtle, Laganemys tenerensis (Pleurodira: Araripemydidae), from the Elrhaz Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Niger. Morphology and Evolution of Turtles
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R. Allain, T. Xaisanavong, and P. Richir, B. Khentavong. 2012. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 99:369-377
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M. T. Carrano, R. B. J. Benson, and S. D. Sampson. 2012. The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10(2):211-300
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J. M. Gasca, J. I. Canudo, and R. Cebrián Rodríguez, M. Moreno-Azanza. 2012. Nuevos vertebrados fósiles de la Formación El Castellar en Gúdar, Teruel, España (Barremiense inferior, Cretácico Inferior) [New vertebrate fossils from the El Castellar Formation in Gúdar, Teruel, Spain (lower Barremian, Lower Cretaceous)]. Geo-Temas 13:187-190
U. Richter, A. Mudroch, and L. G. Buckley. 2012. Isolated theropod teeth from the Kem Kem Beds (Early Cenomanian) near Taouz, Morocco. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 87(2):291-309
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A. W. A. Kellner, S. A. K. Azevedo, and E. B. Machado, L. B. de Carvalho, D. D. R. Henriques. 2011. A new dinosaur (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Cajual Island, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83(1):99-108
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B. Vila, M. Suñer, and A. Santos-Cubedo, J. I. Canudo, B. Poza, A. Galobart. 2011. Saurischians through time. Dinosaurs of Eastern Iberia
R. Amiot, X. Wang, and C. Lécuyer, E. Buffetaut, L. Boudad, L. Cavin, Z. Ding, F. Fluteau, A. W. A. Kellner, H. Tong, F. Zhang. 2010. Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of middle Cretaceous vertebrates from North Africa and Brazil: Ecological and environmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297(2):439-451
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P. Austen, D. Brockhurst, and K. Honeysett. 2010. Vertebrate fauna from Ashdown Brickworks, Bexhill, East Sussex. Wealden News (8):13-23
E. Buffetaut. 2010. Spinosaurs before Stromer: early finds of spinosaurid dinosaurs and their interpretations. Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Saurians: A Historical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 343:175-188
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R. Ezquerra Miguel, L. Costeur, and F. Pérez-Lorente. 2010. Los dinosaurios también nadaban [Dinosaurs also swam]. Investigación y Ciencia 411:2-8
J. Le Loeuff and E. Métais. 2010. New stratigraphical data on North African spinosaurs. 8th Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists. Abstract Volume
J. Le Loeuff and E. Métais. 2010. New stratigraphical data on North African spinosaurs. 8th Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists Abstracts:52-53
R. Amiot, E. Buffetaut, and C. Lécuyer, V. Fernandez, F. Fourel, F. Martineau, V. Suteethorn. 2009. Oxygen isotope composition of continental vertebrate apatites from Mesozoic formations of Thailand; environmental and ecological significance. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:271-283
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J. Lü, L. Xu, and X. Jiang, S. Jia, M. Li, C. Yuan, X. Zhang, Q. Ji. 2009. A preliminary report on the new dinosaurian fauna from the Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin, Henan Province of central China. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 25(1):43-56
L. Salgado, J. I. Canudo, and A. C. Garrido, J. I. Ruiz-Omeñaca, R. A. Coria, M. S. de la Fuente, J. L. Barco, R. Bollati. 2009. Upper Cretaceous vertebrates from El Anfiteatro area, Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 30(3):767-784
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P. C. Sereno and H. C. E. Larsson. 2009. Cretaceous crocodyliformes from the Sahara. ZooKeys 28:1-143
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E. Buffetaut. 2008. Spinosaurid teeth from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania, with remarks on the evolutionary and biogeographical history of the Spinosauridae. In: J.-M. Mazin, J. Pouech, P. Hantzpergue & V. Lacombe (eds.), Mid-Mesozoic Life and Environments, Cognac, France. Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de Lyon 164:26-28
J. I. Canudo, J. M. Gasulla, and D. Gömez-Fernández, F. Ortega, J. L. Sanz, P. Yagüe. 2008. Primer evidencia de dientes aislados atribuidos a Spinosauridae (Theropoda) en al Aptiano inferior (Cretácico Inferior) de Europa: Formación Arcillas se Morella (España) [First evidence of isolated teeth attributed to Spinosauridae (Theropoda) in the lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of Europe: Arcillas Formation of Morella (Spain)]. Ameghiniana 45(4):649-662
J. M. Gasca, M. Moreno-Azanza, and J. I. Canudo. 2008. Dientes de dinosaurios teropódos espinosáuridos de la Formación El Castellar (Cretácico Inferior, Teruel) [Teeth of spinosaurid theropod dinosaurs from the El Castellar Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Teruel)]. Palaeontologica Nova 8:233-234
E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and S. Khansubha. 2007. The ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus in the Early Cretaceous of southeast Asia: a review of old and recent finds. Proceedings of the International Conference on Geology of Thailand: Towards Sustainable Development and Sufficiency Economy (GEOTHAI'07)
K. Lauprasert, G. Cuny, and E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, K. Thirakhupt. 2007. Siamosuchus phuphokensis, a new goniopholidid from the Early Cretaceous (ante-Aptian) of northeastern Thailand. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 178(3):201-216
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B. Sánchez-Hernández, M. J. Benton, and D. Naish. 2007. Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of the Galve area, NE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 249:180-215
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M. A. Medeiros. 2006. Large theropod teeth from the Eocenomanian of northeastern Brazil and the occurrence of Spinosauridae. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 9(3):333-338
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E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and J. Le Loeuff, S. Khansubha, H. Tong, K. Wongko. 2005. The dinosaur fauna from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Thailand. International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005), 28-30 November 2005, Khon Kaen, Thailand
C. Dal Sasso, S. Maganuco, and E. Buffetaut, M. A. Mendez. 2005. New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(4):888-896
F. M. Dalla Vecchia. 2005. Un viaggio geo-paleontologico in Marocco. Natura Nascosta 30:16-44
P. Infante, J. I. Canudo, and J. I. Ruiz-Omeñaca. 2005. Primera evidencia de dinosaurios terópodos en la Formación Mirambel (Barremiense inferior, Cretácico Inferior) en Castellote, Teruel [First evidence of theropod dinosaurs in the Mirambel Formation (lower Barremian, Lower Cretaceous) in Castellote, Teruel]. Geogaceta 38:31-34
F. E. Novas, F. M. Dalla Vecchia, and D. F. Pais. 2005. Theropod pedal unguals from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Morocco, Africa. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nuevo serie 7(2):167-175
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J. d. S. Bittencourt and A. W. A. Kellner. 2004. On a sequence of sacrocaudal theropod dinosaur vertebrae from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation, northeastern Brazil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 62(3):309-320
J. I. Canudo, J. M. Gasulla, and F. Ortega, J. I. Ruiz-Omeñaca. 2004. Presencia de Baryonychinae (Theropoda) en el Aptiense inferior (Cretácico Inferior) de Laurasia: Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Formación Arcillas de Morella (Morella, Castellón) [Presence of Baryonychinae (Theropoda) in the lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of Laurasia: Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Arcillas de Morella Formation (Morella, Castellón)]. III Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno
D. Srarfi, M. Ouaja, and E. Buffetaut, G. Cuny, G. Barale, S. Ferry, E. Fara. 2004. Position stratigraphique des niveaux à vertébrés du Mésozoïque Sud-Est de la Tunisie [Stratigraphic position of beds with Mesozoic vertebrates from southeastern Tunisia]. Notes du Service Géologique de Tunisie 72:5-16
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