Sous-famille
Valide Éteint

Plioplatecarpinae

(Dollo 1884)

Les Plioplatecarpinae sont une sous-famille fossile de mosasauridés ayant vécu durant le Crétacé supérieur et dont les fossiles ont été trouvés sur tous les continents, avec des occurrences discutables en Australie. Il s'agit de mosasaures de taille petite à moyenne qui auraient été relativement rapides et agiles par rapport aux mosasaures d'autres sous-familles. Les plus vieux plioplatecarpinés datent au Turonien et sont parmi les plus anciens mosasaures connus, le clade persistant tout au long du Maastrichtien, sur une période s'étalant sur 24 millions d'années. La sous-famille a apparemment été fortement affectée lors d'un événement d'extinction de mosasaures du Campanien moyen qui est mal compris, et les représentants du groupe semblent avoir été confrontés à la concurrence des mosasaurinés au cours du Maastrichtien, entraînant une baisse du nombre et de leur diversité.

Plage temporelle
Trias
Jurassique
Crétacé
Paléogène
Néogène
252 201 145 66 0 Ma
La plage temporelle dépasse légèrement la limite K-Pg (66 Ma). Probable décalage d'intervalle dans les données PBDB.
Occurrences PBDB
152
Groupe
Mosasaures
Carnivore aquatic Terrestre
Plioplatecarpinae
cliquer pour agrandir
Representation of the moroccan plioplatecarpinae Khinjaria acuta © 7Lorenzo vandelle8 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
Plioplatecarpinae
PBDB Wikipedia
Classification
Mosasauridae Famille
Plioplatecarpinae Sous-famille
Sites de découverte 152 sites géolocalisés
Répartition
Principaux pays
🇺🇸 États-Unis
63
🇨🇦 Canada
18
🇸🇾 Syrie
13
🇲🇦 Maroc
8
🇨🇴 Colombie
6
🇸🇪 Suède
4
🇳🇪 Niger
4
🇦🇺 Australie
3
🇧🇷 Brésil
3
🇦🇴 Angola
3
Formations géologiques
Dukamaje
5
Villeta
4
Bearpaw Shale
3
Fox Hills
3
Molecap Greensand
2
Itombe
2
Pen
2
Mooreville Chalk
2
Distribution temporelle
Maastrichtien (72.2–66 Ma)
35
Campanien (83.6–72.2 Ma)
74
Santonien (85.7–83.6 Ma)
12
Coniacien (89.8–85.7 Ma)
20
Turonien (93.9–89.8 Ma)
8
Cénomanien (100.5–93.9 Ma)
2
Albien (113.2–100.5 Ma)
1
Synonymes (2)
Platecarpus ptychodon nomen dubium, species not entered Plioplatecarpinae
Platecarpus somenensis nomen dubium, species not entered Plioplatecarpinae
Images 14
Bibliographie
Description originale
J. T. Thurmond. 1969. Notes on mosasaurs from Texas. The Texas Journal of Science 21(1):69-80
Bibliographie (89)
R. A. Otero. 2025. Review of two marine vertebrate assemblages from the Arauco Basin (central Chile) reveals diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian. Cretaceous Research 166(78):105996 DOI ↗
M. E. Páramo Fonseca, J. A. Narváez Rincón, and C. D. Benavides-Cabra. 2025. Oneirosaurus caballeroi gen. et sp. nov., a new mosasaur from Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal 29(3):231-247 DOI ↗
N. R. Longrich, M. J. Polcyn, and N.-E. Jalil, X. Pereda-Suberbiola, N. Bardet. 2024. A bizarre new plioplatecarpine mosasaurid from the Maastrichtian of Morocco. Cretaceous Research DOI ↗
M. Plasse, X. Valentin, and G. Garcia, G. Guinot, N. Bardet. 2024. New remains of Mosasauroidea (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of Aude, southern France. Cretaceous Research 157(105823):1-16 DOI ↗
T. H. Rempert, B. P. Martens, and A. P. M. Vinkeles Melchers. 2024. New mosasaur remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Mississippi. The Mosasaur 13:79-90 DOI ↗
H. E. Rivera-Sylva, N. R. Longrich, and J. M. Padilla-Gutierrez, J. R. Guzmán-Gutiérrez, V. M. Escalante-Hernández, J. G. González- Ávila. 2024. A new species of Yaguarasaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from the Agua Nueva Formation (Upper Turonian – ?Lower Coniacian) of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 133(104694) DOI ↗
C. R. Kiernan and J. A. Ebersole. 2023. Two new plioplatecarpine mosasaurs (Mosasauridae; Plioplatecarpinae) of the genus Ectenosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. PaleoBios 40(13):1-28 DOI ↗
M.J. Polcyn, N. Bardet, and LB Albright III, A. Titus. 2023. A new lower Turonian mosasaurid from the Western Interior Seaway and the antiquity of the unique basicranial circulation pattern in Plioplatecarpinae. Cretaceous Research 151(2023):105621 DOI ↗
J. G. Allen and K. Shimada. 2022. Fossil vertebrates from a unique marine bonebed of the Upper Cretaceous Smoky Hill Chalk, western Kansas, U.S.A.: new insights into the paleoecology of the Niobrara Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 41(e2066999) DOI ↗
N. Bardet, G. Guinot, and I. O. Yılmaz, I. Hoşgör. 2022. New marine vertebrates (elasmobranchs, actinopterygians, reptiles) from the Upper Cretaceous Arabic Platform of SE Turkey. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21:837-845 DOI ↗
M. R. Woolley, A. Chinsamy, and M. W. Caldwell. 2022. Unraveling the taxonomy of the South African mosasaurids. Frontiers in Earth Science 10:971968:1-22 DOI ↗
C. R. C. Strong, M. W. Caldwell, and T. Konishi, A. Palci. 2020. A new species of longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, with a re-evaluation of the problematic taxon ‘Platecarpus’ ptychodon. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18(21):1769-1804 DOI ↗
A. D. Gentry, J. A. Ebersole, and C. R. Kiernan. 2019. Asmodochelys parhami, a new fossil marine turtle from the Campanian Demopolis Chalk and the stratigraphic congruence of competing marine turtle phylogenies. Royal Society Open Science 6:191950:1-12 DOI ↗
J. J. Hornung, M. Reich, and U. Frerichs. 2018. A mosasaur fauna (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Hannover, northern Germany. Alcheringa 42(4):543-559 DOI ↗
S. Sachs, J. J. Hornung, and U. Scheer. 2018. Mosasaurid and plesiosaurian remains from marginal facies of the lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Bottrop and Vaals formations of western Germany. Cretaceous Research 87:358-367 DOI ↗
R. S. Cuthbertson and R. B. Holmes. 2015. A new species of Plioplatecarpus (Mosasauridae, Plioplatecarpinae) from the Bearpaw Formation (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of Montana, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(3):e922980:1-18 DOI ↗
P. R. Bell, F. Fanti, and M. T. Mitchell, P. J. Currie. 2014. Marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauridae) from the Puskwaskau Formation (Santonian-Campanian), West-Central Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 88(1):187-194 DOI ↗
H. Cappetta, N. Bardet, and X. Pereda Suberbiola, S. Adnet, D. Akkrim, M. Amalik, A. Benabdallah. 2014. Marine vertebrate faunas from the Maastrichtian phosphates of Benguérir (Ganntour Basin, Morocco): Biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 409:217-238 DOI ↗
G. L. Bell Jr., K. R. Barnes, and M. J. Polcyn. 2013. Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the Big bend region in Texas, USA. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103:571-581 DOI ↗
A. M. Sørensen, F. Surlyk, and J. Lindgren. 2013. Food resources and habitat selection of a diverse vertebrate fauna from the upper lower Campanian of the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden. Cretaceous Research 42(1):85-92 DOI ↗
N. Bardet. 2012. The mosasaur collections of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 183(1):35-53 DOI ↗
M. S. Fernández and Z. Gasparini. 2012. Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurs from Antarctic Peninsula and Patagonia, Argentina. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 183(2):93-102 DOI ↗
O. Mateus, M. J. Polcyn, and L. L. Jacobs, R. Arujo, A. S. Schulp, J. Marinheiro, B. Pereira, D. P. Vineyard. 2012. Cretaceous amniotes from Angola: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, turtles. Actas de V Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos
T. Konishi and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31(4):754-783 DOI ↗
J. Lindgren, M. J. Everhart, and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Three-dimensionally preserved integument reveals hydrodynamic adaptations in the extinct marine lizard Ectenosaurus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae). PLoS One 6(11):e27343 DOI ↗
M. E. Páramo-Fonseca. 2011. Mosasauroids from Colombia. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 182(2):103-109 DOI ↗
T. Konishi, M. W. Caldwell, and G. L. Bell, Jr. 2010. Redescription of the holotype of Platecarpus tympaniticus Cope, 1869 (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae), and its implications for the alpha taxonomy of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(5):1410-1421 DOI ↗
J. Lindgren, M. W. Caldwell, and T. Konishi, L. M. Chiappe. 2010. Convergent evolution in aquatic tetrapods: insights from an exceptional fossil mosasaur. PLoS One 5(8):e11998 DOI ↗
T. Komishi and M. W. Caldwell. 2009. New material of the mosasaur Plioplatecarpus nichollsae Cuthbertson et al., 2007, clarifies problematic features of the holotype specimen. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2):417-436 DOI ↗
M. Fernández, J. Martin, and S. Casadío. 2008. Mosasaurs (Reptilia) from the late Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of northern Patagonia (Río Negro, Argentina). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 25(2):176-186 DOI ↗
B. P. Kear, T. H. Rich, and M. A. Ali, Y. A. Al-Mufarrih, A. H. Matiri, A. M. Masary, Y. Attia. 2008. Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) marine reptiles from the Adaffa Formation, NW Saudi Arabia. Geological Magazine 145(5):648-654 DOI ↗
M. J. Polcyn and M. J. Everhart. 2008. Description and phylogenetic analysis of a new species of Selmasaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from the Niobrara Chalk of Western Kansas. Proceedings of the second Mosasaur Meeting
R. S. Cuthbertson, J. C. Mallon, and N. E. Campione, R. B. Holmes. 2007. A new species of mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Pierre Shale (lower Campanian) of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44:593-606 DOI ↗
S. A. Hamm and K. Shimada. 2007. The Late Cretaceous anacoracid shark, Pseudocorax laevis (Leriche), from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 110:44-52 DOI ↗
J. W. Hoganson, J. M. Erickson, and F. D. Holland. 2007. Amphibian, reptilian, and avian remains from the Fox Hills Formation (Maastrichtian): shoreline and estuarine deposits of the Pierre Sea in south-central North Dakota. The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America Special Paper 427:239-256 DOI ↗
T. Konishi and M. W. Caldwell. 2007. New specimens of Platecarpus planifrons (Cope, 1874) (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a revised taxonomy of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1):59-72 DOI ↗
J. W. M. Jagt, N. Motchurova-Dekova, and P. Ivanov, H. Capetta, A. S. Schulp. 2006. Latest Cretaceous mosasaurs and lamniform sharks from Labirinta cave, Vratsa district (northwest Bulgaria): a preliminary note. Annales Geologiques de la Peninsule Balkanique 67:51-63 DOI ↗
H. F. Kaddumi. 2006. A new genus and species of gigantic marine turtles (Chelonioidea: Cheloniidae) from the Maastrichtian of the Harrana Fauna-Jordan. PalArch Vertebrate Paleontology 2(1):1-14
J. E. Martin and J. A. Crame. 2006. Palaeobiological significance of high-latitude Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from the James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous-Tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments: James Ross Basin, Antarctica 258(1):109-124 DOI ↗
J. D. Scanlon. 2006. Dinosaurs and other Mesozoic reptiles of Australasia. Evolution and Biogeography of Australasian Vertebrates
K. Shimada. 2006. Marine vertebrates from the Blue Hill Shale Member of the Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous: Middle Turonian) in Kansas. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35:165-175
P. Bengtson and J. Lindgren. 2005. First record of the mosasaur Platecarpus Cope, 1869 from South America and its systematic implications. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8(1):5-12 DOI ↗
B. P. Kear, J. A. Long, and J. E. Martin. 2005. A review of Australian mosasaur occurences. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw 84(3):307-313 DOI ↗
J. Lindgren and J. W. M. Jagt. 2005. Danish mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw 84(3):315-320 DOI ↗
A. O. Averianov and A. A. Yarkov. 2004. Carnivorous dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Maastrichtian of the Volga-Don interfluve, Russia. Paleontological Journal 38(1):78-82
A. O. Averianov and A. A. Yarkov. 2004. On the occurrence of a giant flying reptile (Pterosauria) in the terminal Late Cretaceous of the Lower Volga Region. Paleontological Journal 38(6):669-671
M. J. Everhart. 2004. Late Cretaceous interaction between predators and prey. Evidence of feeding by two species of shark on a mosasaur. PalArch 1(1):1-7
J. W. Hoganson and B. Woodward. 2004. Skeleton of the rare giant sea turtle, Archelon, recovered from the Cretaceous DeGrey Member of the Pierre Shale near Cooperstown, Griggs County, North Dakota. North Dakota Geological Society Newsletter 32(1):1-4
N. Bardet and X. Pereda Suberbiola. 2002. Marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Phosphates of Jordan: palaeobiogeographical implications. Geodiversitas 24(4):831-839
M. J. Everhart. 2001. Revisions to the biostratigraphy of the Moasasauridae (Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobara Chalk (Late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 104(1-2):59-78 DOI ↗
N. Bardet, H. Cappetta, and X. Pereda Suberbiola, M. Mouty, A. K. Al Maleh, A. M. Ahmed, O. Khrata, N. Gannoum. 2000. The marine vertebrate faunas from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Syria. Geological Magazine 137(3):269-290 DOI ↗
M. E. Páramo-Fonseca. 2000. Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Colombia. Historical Biology 14(1-2):121-131 DOI ↗
E. W. A. Mulder. 1999. Transatlantic latest Cretaceous mosasaurs (Reptilia, Lacertilia) from the Maastrichtian type area and New Jersey. Geologie en Mijnbouw 78:281-300
N. Bardet, J. C. Corral, and X. Pereda Superbiola. 1997. Les mosasaures (Squamata) du Cretace Superieur du Bassin Basco-Cantabrique. Geobios 20:19-26 DOI ↗
L. B. de Carvalho. 1996. A ocorrência de lagartos marinhos (Mosasauridae - Lepidosauria) e sua associação faunística no cretáceo da Bacia Pernambuco Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil.
R. Holmes. 1996. Pliopletecarpus primaevus (Mosasauridae) from the Bearpaw Formation (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of the North American Western Interior Seaway. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(4):673-687 DOI ↗
D. Thies and J. Vespermann. 1995. Die Mosasaurier des Roemer-Museums in Hildesheim. (The Mosasauridae of the Roemer Museum in Hildesheim). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69(3/4):459-465 DOI ↗
T. Lingham-Soliar. 1994. First record of mosasaurs from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Zaire. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 68(1/2):259-265 DOI ↗
M. E. Páramo. 1994. Posicion sistematica de un reptil marino con base en los restos fosiles encontrados en capas del Cretacico superior en Yaguara (Huila). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 19(72):63-80
T. T. Tokaryk. 1993. A plioplatecarpine mosasaur from the Bearpaw Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of Saskatchewan, Canada. Modern Geology 18:503-509
T. Lingham-Soliar. 1991. Mosasaurs from the Upper Cretacous of Niger. Palaeontology 34(3):653-670
E. L. Nicholls and A. P. Russell. 1990. Paleobiogeography of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America: the vertebrate evidence . 79(1-2):149-169 DOI ↗
A. J. Robb. 1989. The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian, Black Creek Formation) fossil fish fauna of Phoebus Landing, Bladen County, North Carolina. The Mosasaur 4:75-92
S. G. Lucas, A. P. Hunt, and R. Pence. 1988. Some Late Cretaceous reptiles from New Mexico. Contributions to Late Cretaceous paleontology and stratigraphy of New Mexico. Part III. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Bulletin 122:49-60
T. Soliar. 1988. The mosasaur Goronyosaurus from the Upper Cretacous of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Palaeontology 31(3):747-762
K. R. Wright and S. W. Shannon. 1988. Selmasaurus russelli, a new plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8(1):102-107 DOI ↗
D. R. Schwimmer. 1986. Late Cretaceous fossils from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in western Georgia. The Mosasaur 3:109-123
W. Langston. 1975. The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated lower vertebrates from the St. Mary River Formation (Maestrichtian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12:1576-1608 DOI ↗
D. A. Russell. 1975. A new species of Globidens from South Dakota, and a review of the globidentine mosasaurs. Fieldiana Geology 33(13):235-256 DOI ↗
J. Bergström, W. K. Christensen, and C. Johansson, E. Norling. 1973. An extension of Upper Cretaceous Rocks to the Swedish west coast at Särdal. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark 22:83-154
A. Azzaroli, C. De Giuli, and G. Ficcarelli, D. Torre. 1972. An aberrant mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of north-western Nigeria. Rendiconti della classe di fisiche, mathematiche e naturali 52:398-402
D. A. Russell. 1970. The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabamam: Part VII The Mosasaurs. Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3(7):365-380 DOI ↗
J. T. Thurmond. 1969. Notes on mosasaurs from Texas. The Texas Journal of Science 21(1):69-80
D. Bardack. 1968. Fossil vertebrates from the marine Cretaceous of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 5:145-153 DOI ↗
H. W. Miller and M. V. Walker. 1968. Enchoteuthis melanae and Kansasteuthis lindneri, new genera and species of teuthids, and a sepiid from the Niobrara Formation of Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 71:176-183 DOI ↗
J. B. Delair and M. M. Ibrahim. 1967. The occurence of Upper Cretaceous pliosaurs in Egypt. Proceedings of the Egyptian Academy of Sciences
D. A. Russell. 1967. Cretaceous vertebrates from the Anderson River N. W. T. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4(1):21-38 DOI ↗
D. A. Russell. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23:1-252
H. W. Miller. 1966. Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from Phoebus Landing, North Carolina. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 82(2):93
M. T. Antunes. 1964. O Neocretácico e o Cenozoico do litoral de Angola. Junta de Investigações do Ultramar
D. A. Russell. 1964. The Skull of American Mosasaurs.
P. O. Persson. 1960. Reptiles from the Senonian (U Cret) of Scania (S Sweden). Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 2(35):431-478
M. G. Mehl. 1930. A new genus of mosasaurs from Mexico, and notes on the pelvic girdle of Platecarpus. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 29(10):383-400
F. B. Loomis. 1915. A new mosasaur from the Fort Pierre. American Journal of Science 39(233):555-566 DOI ↗
F. B. Loomis. 1904. Two new river reptiles from the Titanothere beds. American Journal of Science 18:427-432 DOI ↗
S. W. Williston. 1902. Notes on some new or little-known extinct reptiles. Kansas University Science Bulletin 1(9):247-254
E. D. Cope. 1874. Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Period found west of the Mississippi River. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, First Series 2:3-48
E. D. Cope. 1871. Catalogue of the Pythonomorpha found in the Cretaceous strata of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosphical Society (separate) DOI ↗
E. D. Cope. 1870. On some species of Pythonomorpha from the Cretaceous beds of Kansas and New Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(81):574-584