Galerie d'images
Toutes les images de la base — taxons, formations et intervalles géologiques.
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127 image(s)
Bexhill Brick Pit below Little Higher Wood in East Sussex, England. The cliff shows the layers of strata of the Hastings Beds with grey areas of Wadhurst Clay needed for the bricks and tiles. The buff/brown areas are sandstones.
Fossil hunting at Dinosaur Park
Outcrops of the Foremost Formation along the Milk River.
Wayan Formation eggshell. Eggshell of the oogenus Macroelongatoolithus on a Wayan Formation outcrop. Image used courtesy of the USFS Paleontology Program
Sandstone cliff seen on Goffle Hill, part of First Watchung Mountain, in Hawthorne.
Life reconstruction of a pair of Galgadraco zephyrius in a late Maastrichtian environment, showcasing the palaeobiota of the Serra da Galga Geosite. Artwork by Matheus Gadelha.
Anacleto fm. (Upper Cretaceous) in Auca Mahuida, Neuquen, Argentina.
Candeleros fm. (Upper Cretaceous) near Cerro El Vagon, Neuquen, Argentina.
The geological park of Aliaga (Teruel, Spain) is one of the most interesting geological zones of Aragon, a viewpoint of the last 200 million years of Earth's history.
Figure 2: Fossil vertebrate locality of Eric the Red West. Shore platform looking west, showing undulating erosive boundary (solid white line) between the top of the Anchor Sandstone (AS) and the base of the ETRW Sandstone (ES). White dashed lines indicate selected bedding surfaces. White scale in mid-ground (indicated by arrow) equals 1 m.
Restoration of the spinosaurid dinosaur Siamosaurus in the Sao Khua Formation palaeoenvironment, with Sunosuchus in the middle left and a herd of Phuwiangosaurus in the background. References: Siamosaurus based on tooth specimens [1] and the neural spine of a possibly referable skeleton[2], with other missing elements filled in with relatives (Suchomimus[3], Baryonyx[4], IchthyovenatorFile:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_skeletal_reconstruction_by_PaleoGeek.png). Phuwiangosaurus based on skeletal by Suteethorn et al. (2009)[5] and missing elements of skull of EuhelopusFile:Euhelopus.png. Sunosuchus based on Suteethorn and Ingavat (1983)[6] and missing elements based on Goniopholis[7].
Stratigraphy, Tremp Formation in Spain.
Stratigraphy, Tremp Formation in Spain.
Sibişel River (Strei) near the Sânpetru Mesozoic Formation, Romania
Geographical and geological location of the Los Quiñones site in the Blesa Formation. (A) Geological map of the Iberian Peninsula; (B) Location of the paleogeographical sub-basins within the Maestrazgo Basin; and (C) location of the Los Quiñones site close to the village of Obón (modified from14).
Broome Sandstone
Fossil of Santanadactylus pricei and Anhanguera santanae, an extinct pterosaur- Took the photo at Senckenberg Museum of Frankfurt
1865.. WHITAKEE BXrCKlNGHAM CHALK, 399 I cannot give the thickness with accuraC3\ I will now give a short account of each, beginning with the lowest. (g). Chalk-marl. — A rather brownish-white, slightly sandy, clayey chalk, fissile, with stony layers here and there, and often with fossils (notably fish-scales). This is per- haps 80 feet thick, and mostly causes a rise of the ground above the sloping plain of the Upper Green- sand. (/). Totfernlioe Stone.- At the top of the Chalk- marl in this district there are generally two layers of rathersandy limestone, separated by a little marl, and which are more dis- tinct further north-east- ward (in Bedfordshire), where they are each about 3 feet thick. One bed is always here present, but I did not always see the two. This stone mostly yields fossils, amongst which Ammonites vai'ians and an Inoceramus are abundant, and small, hard,dark-brown nodules, most likely coprolitic : it is harder and darker than common chalk, and con- tains many small dark grains ; and was once largely quarried, for build- ing, at Totternhoe, where there are plentiful traces of the workings. Most of the old churches of the neighbourhood were built in great part of this pe- rishable stone, but I be- lieve that its use has been long discontinued. Details of the occur- rence of this bed will be given in the ' Gcolo- 2 E 2
Sundon South Chalk Pit. This cement plant quarry ceased operation in December 1976. The photograph was taken earlier that year. The pit is about the same now, although full of trash and less easily interpreted due to weathering. The blocky material in the middle of the upper quarry face is Totternhoe Stone, the lowest member of the "Grey Chalk". Below it is the "Chalk Marl". The calcium carbonate content of the rock varied steadily from 60% at the bottom to 85% at the top. A cement rawmix of 78.5% carbonate was made by combining the layers. The chalk was dug with three excavators. A dragline on the hill top scraped the soft chalk from above the Totternhoe Stone and dropped it onto the lower bench, forming the scree-like piles visible here. A face shovel on the lower bench undermined and prised out the hard Totternhoe Stone, and loaded it and the soft chalk into rail trucks (see 645414). A second dragline, also on the lower bench, scraped marl up from below, and added it to the rail trucks. The chemistry of the mixture was controlled by specifying the number of buckets of marl to be added to each train-load.
ELÍAS CABABIE DANIEL. FOTO DEL EUROTÚNEL EN EL CANAL DE LA MANCHA
This geologic cross section depicts the Cooper Basin on the far right, which is boxed in red.
Palaeogeographic distribution of late Early and early Late Cretaceous pterosaur assemblages. Taxonomic composition of assemblages shown on Fig. 1. Palaeogeography based on Smith et al. 1994. Abbreviations: 1. Cambridge Greensand, England: 2. Lower Chalk, England: 3. Züümbayan Svita, Khuren-Dukh, Mongolia: 4. Lysaya Gora, Saratov, Russia: 5. Kem Kem red beds, Morocco: 6. Paw Paw Formation, Texas, USA: 7. Lagarcito Formation, San Luis, Argentina: 8. Santana and Crato Formations, Ceara, Brazil: 9. Toolebuc Formation, Queensland, Australia.
A pair of Wendiceratops running through the Oldman formation.
Brachylophosaurus canadensis TMP 1990.104.0001, Oldman Formation, Milk River, Alberta. Original, not cast. At the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.
Brachylophosaurus canadensis TMP 1990.104.0001, Oldman Formation, Milk River, Alberta. Original, not cast. At the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.
Campanian fauna from the Oldman Formation: Wendiceratops, Corythosaurus, Scolosaurus, Chasmosaurus and "Troodon"
Geographic and stratigraphic relationships of the holotype EMK 0012 and the Loki Quarry in northern Montana. (A) Regional relationships between the cross-border paleontological sites in the Oldman and Judith River formations along the Milk River and in Kennedy Coulee in Alberta and Montana. (B) Generalized stratigraphic section in the Kennedy Coulee area modified after Goodwin & Deino (1989) and Rogers, Eberth & Ramezani (2023) with the relationships between the Foremost and Oldman formations in Canada and the Judith River Formation in Montana. Relative placements of important taxa in this area are indicated. Position of 40Ar/39Ar dates originally obtained by Goodwin & Deino (1989) are shown in relation to the new U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS date for KC061517-1 by Ramezani et al. (2022). Bentonite ash beds are only 5 to 7 cm thick so they are exaggerated for clarity. Scale bars delineated in map view are indicated kilometers and in meters stratigraphically.
Title: Dinosaur hunting in western Canada Identifier: dinosaurhuntingi00russ (find matches) Year: 1966 (1960s) Authors: Russell, Loris Shano, 1904-; Royal Ontario Museum Subjects: Dinosaurs; Paleontology Publisher: (Toronto : Printed at the University of Toronto Press) Contributing Library: ROM - University of Toronto Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: This season of 1921 George Sternberg became the first dinosaur col- lector on the Red Deer River to have his work recorded in motion pictures. This happened by a curious error. The Dominion Motion Picture Bureau, predecessor of the National Film Board of Canada, had decided to make a short motion picture based on the work being done by the Geological Survey of Canada in the collecting and displaying of Canadian dinosaurs. The camera party sent to Alberta was naturally supposed to visit the Geological Survey party under Charles M. Sternberg, but local directions sent them to the camp of George Sternberg. So this excellent little film records field work by the University of Alberta party and preparation being done at the National Museum of Canada in Ottawa. That winter George Sternberg continued the preparation of the speci- mens obtained during the two preceding field seasons, but in the spring he resigned to accept a position with the Field Museum of Natural History of Chicago, under Elmer S. Riggs. The summer of 1922 was the last time that the eldest of the Sternberg sons worked on the Red Deer River, his collec- tion going to Chicago. However, he returned to Edmonton for several months in 1935, to complete the preparation of the collection that he brought together in 1920 and 1921. When George Sternberg left the Geological Survey of Canada in 1918, the only one of the four Sternbergs remaining at Ottawa was Charles Mortram Sternberg, the second son of C. H. Sternberg. Actually, Charles had his first independent expedition to the Red Deer badlands in 1917, C. M. Sternberg ami G. E. Lindblad working on the skull of a horned dinosaur (Centrasaurus sp.), Oldman formation, Red Deer River, 1917. N.M.C., No. 39994. Text Appearing After Image: 22 Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
Brachylophosaurus, Daspletosaurus and Scolosaurus from the Oldman Formation.
Brachylophosaurus canadensis skull (original). From the Oldman Formation, Milk River, Alberta. On display at the Royal Tyrrell Museum, Alberta, Canada.
Hoodoos in Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada
Milk River (AB) Panoramic
Sandstones of the Milk River Formation flank the Milk river at Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta.
Hoodoos
Bryce Canyon geologic map, showing a variety of rock formations in the national park including the Claron Formation, which forms the park’s famous red hoodoos.
Locality map: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Map showing the Nipple Butte area (indicated by yellow star) of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). GSENM is bounded by the red rectangle and silhouetted in dark gray on the inset of Utah and surrounding states (modified from [1]). The original map has been modified to show the Nipple Butte area instead of the Machairoceratops fossil locality as in the original source. New location based on map in A New Macrovertebrate Assemblage from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Southern Utah, page 601.
Locality map: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Map showing locality (indicated by star) of Nasutoceratops titusi holotype UMNH VP 16800, recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). GSENM is bounded by the red rectangle and silhouetted in dark gray on the inset of Utah and surrounding states (modified from [1]). The original map has been modified to show Nasutoceratops instead of Machairoceratops as in the original source. New location based on map in Ceratopsid Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase of Southern Utah, page 489.
Locality map: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Map showing locality (indicated by star) of Kosmoceratops richardsoni holotype UMNH VP 17000 and assigned subadult UMNH VP 16878, recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). GSENM is bounded by the red rectangle and silhouetted in dark gray on the inset of Utah and surrounding states (modified from [1]). The original map has been modified to show Kosmoceratops instead of Machairoceratops as in the original source. New location based on map in Ceratopsid Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase of Southern Utah, page 489.
Kaiparowits Formation (Campanian; Upper Cretaceous) at The Blues, near Powell Point (peak to the left) composed of the Claron Formation.
Natural-colour satellite image of part of the Kaiparowits Basin (a central portion of Grand Staircase-Escalante). The branch-like shapes are networks of canyons carved by rivers that dried up millions of years ago. The ridge running roughly north-south through the scene is the Cockscomb, which is surrounded by distinct rock formations deposited at different times in the geologic past. West of the Cockscomb is the Navajo Sandstone, dating from the Triassic. East of the Cockscomb are two formations from the Cretaceous: the light-toned Wahweap and darker Kaiparowits.
View of Shestakovsky Yar (paleontological site Shestakovo-1) from the Kiya River.
Остеодерма анкилозавра (Ankylosauria indet.) в музее при местонахождении Шестаково-3 (илекская свита).
Палеонтологическое местонахождение Шестаково-3 (илекская свита, нижний мел), июль 2021 года.
A visitor center for guests of the Shestakovo-3 paleontological site in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo Oblast. Large green letters read "Shestakovo-3".
Shestakovsky Yar (paleontological site Shestakovo-1, Ilek Formation).
Figure 1: Map of Queensland, northeast Australia, showing the distribution of Cretaceous outcrop. From Poropat et al.
Figure 1: Map of Queensland, northeast Australia, showing the distribution of Cretaceous outcrop. From Poropat et al.
Precious opal from Australia. (public display, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado, USA) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4. Opal is hydrous silica (SiO2·nH2O). Technically, opal is not a mineral because it lacks a crystalline structure. Opal is supposed to be called a mineraloid. Opal is made up of extremely tiny spheres (colloids - <a href="https://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/acstalks/acscolor/OPALSPHR.jpg" rel="nofollow">www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/acstalks/acscolor/OPALSPHR.jpg</a>) that can be seen with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Gem-quality opal, or precious opal, has a wonderful rainbow play of colors (opalescence). This play of color is the result of light being diffracted by planes of voids between large areas of regularly packed, same-sized opal colloids. Different opalescent colors are produced by colloids of differing sizes. If individual colloids are larger than 140 x 10-6 mm in size, purple & blue & green colors are produced. Once colloids get as large as about 240 x 10-6 mm, red color is seen (Carr et al., 1979). Not all opals have the famous play of colors, however. Common opal has a wax-like luster & is often milky whitish with no visible color play at all. Opal is moderately hard (H = 5 to 6), has a white streak, and has conchoidal fracture. Several groups of organisms make skeletons of opaline silica, for example hexactinellid sponges, diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates, and ebridians. Some organisms incorporate opal into their tissues, for example horsetails/scouring rushes and sawgrass. Sometimes, fossils are preserved in opal or precious opal. The precious opal shown above is surrounded by silicified claystone. The rock is from the Griman Creek Formation, a Cretaceous-aged succession of nonmarine, fine-grained and coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Stratigraphy: Griman Creek Formation, Albian Stage, upper Lower Cretaceous Locality: Coocoran Opal Field, west-southwest of Coocoran Lake, northern New South Wales, eastern Australia Photo gallery of opal: <a href="http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3004" rel="nofollow">www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3004</a> References cited: Carr et al. (1979) - Andamooka opal fields: the geology of the precious stones field and the results of the subsidised mining program. Geological Survey of South Australia Department of Mines and Energy Report of Investigations 51. 68 pp.
Precious opal from Australia. (public display, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado, USA) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4. Opal is hydrous silica (SiO2·nH2O). Technically, opal is not a mineral because it lacks a crystalline structure. Opal is supposed to be called a mineraloid. Opal is made up of extremely tiny spheres (colloids - <a href="https://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/acstalks/acscolor/OPALSPHR.jpg" rel="nofollow">www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/acstalks/acscolor/OPALSPHR.jpg</a>) that can be seen with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Gem-quality opal, or precious opal, has a wonderful rainbow play of colors (opalescence). This play of color is the result of light being diffracted by planes of voids between large areas of regularly packed, same-sized opal colloids. Different opalescent colors are produced by colloids of differing sizes. If individual colloids are larger than 140 x 10-6 mm in size, purple & blue & green colors are produced. Once colloids get as large as about 240 x 10-6 mm, red color is seen (Carr et al., 1979). Not all opals have the famous play of colors, however. Common opal has a wax-like luster & is often milky whitish with no visible color play at all. Opal is moderately hard (H = 5 to 6), has a white streak, and has conchoidal fracture. Several groups of organisms make skeletons of opaline silica, for example hexactinellid sponges, diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates, and ebridians. Some organisms incorporate opal into their tissues, for example horsetails/scouring rushes and sawgrass. Sometimes, fossils are preserved in opal or precious opal. The precious opal shown above is surrounded by silicified claystone. The rock is from the Griman Creek Formation, a Cretaceous-aged succession of nonmarine, fine-grained and coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Stratigraphy: Griman Creek Formation, Albian Stage, upper Lower Cretaceous Locality: Coocoran Opal Field, west-southwest of Coocoran Lake, northern New South Wales, eastern Australia Photo gallery of opal: <a href="http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3004" rel="nofollow">www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3004</a> References cited: Carr et al. (1979) - Andamooka opal fields: the geology of the precious stones field and the results of the subsidised mining program. Geological Survey of South Australia Department of Mines and Energy Report of Investigations 51. 68 pp.
(A) Present day map of Australia with the town of Lightning Ridge indicated by the star. (B) Regional map of the Lightning Ridge region showing localities (where known) for specimens described in this text. Sealed (solid black lines) and unsealed roads (dashed lines) are indicated. The ephemeral Coocoran Lake is marked with a dotted blue line. (C) Correlative stratigraphy of the major Cretaceous depositional basins and geological units discussed in this study. The ornithopod icon and arrow indicate the approximate level of the Griman Creek Formation from which the current material pertains. Informal units are in quotation marks. Maps in (A) and (B) redrawn and modified from Bell et al. (2016) and Opal Fields—Lightning Ridge Region map produced by the NSW Department of Mineral Resources, respectively. Stratigraphy based on Toslini, McLoughlin & Drinnan (1999) and Cook, Bryan & Draper (2013). Ornithopod silhouette created by Caleb M. Brown and used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license.
(A) Present day map of Australia with the town of Lightning Ridge indicated by the star. (B) Regional map of the Lightning Ridge region showing localities (where known) for specimens described in this text. Sealed (solid black lines) and unsealed roads (dashed lines) are indicated. The ephemeral Coocoran Lake is marked with a dotted blue line. (C) Correlative stratigraphy of the major Cretaceous depositional basins and geological units discussed in this study. The ornithopod icon and arrow indicate the approximate level of the Griman Creek Formation from which the current material pertains. Informal units are in quotation marks. Maps in (A) and (B) redrawn and modified from Bell et al. (2016) and Opal Fields—Lightning Ridge Region map produced by the NSW Department of Mineral Resources, respectively. Stratigraphy based on Toslini, McLoughlin & Drinnan (1999) and Cook, Bryan & Draper (2013). Ornithopod silhouette created by Caleb M. Brown and used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license.
(A) Map of Queensland showing the extent of Cretaceous outcrop. (B) Map of the location of Dig Site Three (type locality of Haliskia), and numerous other sites in the area from which pterosaur fossils have been collected.
View north across Frenchman River of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene age strata of the Bearpaw, Whitemud, Battle, Frenchman, and Ravenscrag Formations in the Cypress Hills of southern Saskatchewan. Foreground strata on other side of (tree lined) creek represent a slumped section. Note the bright white zone is the Whitemud Formation. View includes type area of Frenchman and Ravenscrag Formations.
View northeast across Frenchman River of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene age strata of the Bearpaw, Whitemud, Battle, Frenchman, and Ravenscrag Formations in the Cypress Hills of southern Saskatchewan. Foreground strata on other side of (tree lined) creek represent a slumped section. Note the bright white zone is the Whitemud Formation. View includes type area of Frenchman and Ravenscrag Formations.
Detail of the stratigraphic section of the El Castellar dinosaur footprints site, Teruel, Spain.
Eubrontes dinosaur track from the Jurassic of Connecticut, USA. Trace fossils are any indirect evidence of ancient life. They refer to features in rocks that do not represent parts of the body of a once-living organism. Traces include footprints, tracks, trails, burrows, borings, and bitemarks. Body fossils provide information about the morphology of ancient organisms, while trace fossils provide information about the behavior of ancient life forms. Interpreting trace fossils and determination of the identity of a trace maker can be straightforward (for example, a dinosaur footprint represents walking behavior) or not. Sediments that have trace fossils are said to be bioturbated. Burrowed textures in sedimentary rocks are referred to as bioturbation. Trace fossils have scientific names assigned to them, in the same style & manner as living organisms or body fossils. This track was made by a theropod, a group of small to large, carnivorous, bipedal dinosaurs. The specimen comes from a Triassic to Jurassic terrestrial sedimentary succession that filled up a half graben, many of which occur along America's eastern seaboard. Such half-graben basins formed during the Triassic as the Pangaea supercontinent tried to rift apart, but failed. Pangaea successfully broke apart during the Jurassic. Stratigraphy: East Berlin Formation, Newark Supergroup, Lower Jurassic Locality: unrecorded / undisclosed site at or near the town of Rocky Hill, central Connecticut, USA Info. at: mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=CTJeb%3B0 and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrontes
The type specimen of the ichnogenus Cheliceratichnus, from the Early Jurassic East Berlin Formation of Holyoke, Massachusetts.
Bifurculapes laqueatus trackway (positive hyporelief, i.e. casts on the bottom surface of the bed) from the Early Jurassic East Berlin Formation (Hartford Basin) of Holyoke, Massachusetts (not the same specimen as this one). See coin (1 U.S. cent, 19.05 mm in diameter) for scale.