Subfamily
Valid Extinct

Caenagnathinae

Paul 1988

Caenagnathidae is a family of derived caenagnathoid dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of North America and Asia. They are a member of the Oviraptorosauria, and relatives of the Oviraptoridae. Like other oviraptorosaurs, caenagnathids had specialized beaks, long necks, and short tails, and would have been covered in feathers. The relationships of caenagnathids were long a puzzle. The family was originally named by Raymond Martin Sternberg in 1940 as a family of flightless birds. The discovery of skeletons of the related oviraptorids revealed that they were in fact non-avian theropods, and the discovery of more complete caenagnathid remains revealed that Chirostenotes pergracilis, originally named on the basis of a pair of hands, and Citipes elegans, originally thought to be an ornithomimid, named from a foot, were caenagnathids as well.

Temporal range
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Paleogene
Neogene
252 201 145 66 0 Ma
PBDB occurrences
40
Group
Dinosaures
Omnivore Ground dwelling (surface) Terrestrial
Caenagnathinae
click to enlarge
Restored skull and neck vertebra of Anzu wyliei (previously labelled as a specimen of Chirostenotes) © Kabacchi · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia
PBDB Wikipedia
Classification
Dinosauria Unranked clade
Theropoda Unranked clade
Neotheropoda Unranked clade
Averostra Unranked clade
Tetanurae Unranked clade
Coelurosauria Unranked clade
Maniraptora Unranked clade
Oviraptorosauria Infraorder
Caenagnathidae Family
Caenagnathinae Subfamily
Fossil sites 40 geolocated sites
Distribution
Top countries
🇨🇦 Canada
20
🇺🇸 United States
9
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
6
🇲🇳 Mongolia
4
🇨🇳 China
1
Geological formations
Nemegt
4
Iren Dabasu
1
Temporal distribution
Maastrichtian (72.2–66 Ma)
13
Campanian (83.6–72.2 Ma)
21
Turonian (93.9–89.8 Ma)
6
Images 2
Bibliography
Original description
G. S. Paul. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon & Schuster, New York
Bibliography (21)
G. F. Funston, P. J. Currie, and C. Tsogtbaatar, T. Khishigjav. 2021. A partial oviraptorosaur skeleton suggests low caenagnathid diversity in the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. PLoS ONE 16(7):e0254564:1-21 DOI ↗
W. W. Stein. 2021. The paleontology, geology and taphonomy of the Tooth Draw Deposit; Hell Creek Formation (Maastrictian), Butte County, South Dakota. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences JPS.C.21:0001:1-108
K. Tsujimura, M. Manabe, and Y. Chiba, T. Tsuihiji. 2021. Metatarsals of a large caenagnathid cf. Anzu wyliei (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Hell Creek Formation in South Dakota, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences DOI ↗
T. M. Cullen, D. J. Simon, and E. K. C. Benner, D. C. Evans. 2020. Morphology and osteohistology of a large‐bodied caenagnathid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) from the Hell Creek Formation (Montana): implications for size‐based classifications and growth reconstruction in theropods. Papers in Palaeontology DOI ↗
G. F. Funston. 2020. Caenagnathids of the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada: anatomy, osteohistology, taxonomy, and evolution. Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 8:105-153 DOI ↗
G. F. Funston and P. J. Currie. 2016. A new caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, and a reevaluation of the relationships of Caenagnathidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(4):e1160910:1-18 DOI ↗
W. G. Joyce, T. R. Lyson, and S. Williams. 2016. New cranial material of Gilmoremys lancensis (Testudines, Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation of southeastern Montana, U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6):e1225748:1-10 DOI ↗
G. F. Funston, W. S. Persons, IV, and G. J. Bradley, P. J. Currie. 2015. New material of the large-bodied caenagnathid Caenagnathus collinsi from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Cretaceous Research 54(1):179-187 DOI ↗
H.-D. Sues and A. O. Averianov. 2015. New material of Caenagnathasia martinsoni (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Bissekty Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Turonian) of Uzbekistan. Cretaceous Research 54:50-59 DOI ↗
X. Yao, X.-L. Wang, and C. Sullivan, S. Wang, T. A. Stidham, X. Xu. 2015. Caenagnathasia sp. (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Iren Dabasu Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Erenhot, Nei Mongol, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 53(4):291-298
M. C. Lamanna, H.-D. Sues, and E. R. Schachner, T. R. Lyson. 2014. A New large-bodied oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of western North America. PLoS ONE 9(3):e92022:1-16 DOI ↗
R. M. Sullivan, S. E. Jasinski, and M. P. A. Van Tomme. 2011. A new caenagnathid Ojoraptorsaurus boerei, n. gen., n. sp. (Dinosauria, Oviraptorosauria), from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
Y. Matsumoto, R. Hashimoto, and T. Sonoda, Y. Fujiyama, B. Mifune, Y. Kawahara, M. Saneyoshi. 2010. Report of the preparation works for Mongolian specimens in Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences: 1999–2008. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:167-185
L. E. Zanno and S. D. Sampson. 2005. A new oviraptorosaur (Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(4):897-904 DOI ↗
D. J. Varricchio. 2001. Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaur (Theropoda) dinosaurs from Montana. D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington
R. Barsbold, H. Osmólska, and M. Watabe, P. J. Currie, K. Tsogtbaatar. 2000. A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia: the first dinosaur with a pygostyle. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45(2):97-106
P. J. Currie, S. J. Godfrey, and L. Nessov. 1994. New caenagnathid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30(10-11):2255-2272 DOI ↗
P. J. Currie. 1989. The first records of <i>Elmisaurus</i> (Saurischia, Theropoda) from North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26(6):1319-1324 DOI ↗
H. Osmolska. 1981. Coossified tarsometatarsi in theropod dinosaurs and their bearing on the problem of bird origins. Palaeontologica Polonica 42:79-95
R. M. Sternberg. 1940. A toothless bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 14(1):81-85
W. A. Parks. 1933. New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous formations of Alberta. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 34:1-33