Genus

Valid Extinct

Mosasaurus

Parkinson 1822

Etymology Lézard de la Meuse

Mosasaurus is the type genus of the Mosasauridae, an extinct group of aquatic squamate reptiles. It lived from about 82 to 66 million years ago during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. The genus was one of the first Mesozoic marine reptiles known to science—the first fossils of Mosasaurus were found as skulls in a chalk quarry near the Dutch city of Maastricht in the late 18th century, and were initially thought to be crocodiles or whales. One skull discovered in 1778 was famously nicknamed the "great animal of Maastricht". In 1808, naturalist Georges Cuvier concluded that it belonged to a giant marine lizard with similarities to monitor lizards but otherwise unlike any known living animal. This concept was revolutionary at the time and helped support the then-developing ideas of extinction. Cuvier did not designate a scientific name for the animal; this was done by William Daniel Conybeare in 1822 when he named it Mosasaurus in reference to its origin in fossil deposits near the Meuse River. The exact affinities of Mosasaurus as a squamate remain controversial, and scientists continue to debate whether its closest living relatives are monitor lizards or snakes.

Temporal range

Triassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

252 201 145 66 0 Ma

⚠ The temporal range slightly exceeds the K-Pg boundary (66 Ma). Likely an interval offset in PBDB data.

PBDB occurrences

130

Group

Mosasaures

Carnivore aquatic Terrestrial

click to enlarge

Fossil of Mosasaurus, an extinct mosasaur, reconstruction of the Mosasaurus of Bemelen. Took the photo at Natural History Museum of Maastricht © Ghedoghedo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia

PBDB ↗ Wikipedia ↗

Classification

Mosasauridae Family

›

Mosasaurinae Subfamily

›

Mosasaurus Genus

Measurements

Length

18 m ⓘ

Fossil sites 130 geolocated sites

Distribution

Top countries

🇺🇸 United States

🇸🇾 Syria

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

🇧🇪 Belgium

🇵🇱 Poland

🇪🇸 Spain

🇳🇿 New Zealand

🇳🇱 Netherlands

🇲🇦 Morocco

🇮🇹 Italy

Geological formations

Navesink

Pierre Shale

Severn

Hornerstown

Bearpaw Shale

New Egypt

Opoka

Conway

López de Bertodano

Danish White Chalk

Temporal distribution

Maastrichtian (72.2–66 Ma)

Campanian (83.6–72.2 Ma)

Santonian (85.7–83.6 Ma)

Coniacian (89.8–85.7 Ma)

Cenomanian (100.5–93.9 Ma)

Albian (113.2–100.5 Ma)

Species (41)

Amphekepubis johnsoni 90 Ma

Halisaurus fraternus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus depressus 84 Ma

Leiodon haumuriensis subjective synonym of Mosasaurus mokoroa 84 Ma

Macrosaurus laevis

Macrosaurus validus

Mosasaurus beaugei 84 Ma

Mosasaurus belgicus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus camperi subjective synonym of Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus caroliniensis

Mosasaurus conodon 84 Ma

Mosasaurus copeanus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus depressus 84 Ma

Mosasaurus couperi

Mosasaurus dekayi 84 Ma

Mosasaurus depressus 84 Ma

Mosasaurus flemingi 84 Ma

Mosasaurus fulciatus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus gaudryi 86 Ma

Mosasaurus gracilis 101 Ma

Mosasaurus grosjeani

Mosasaurus hobetsuensis 72 Ma

Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus horridus 84 Ma

Mosasaurus impar nomen dubium, species not entered Mosasaurus 84 Ma

Mosasaurus ivoensis

Mosasaurus lemonnieri 84 Ma

Mosasaurus lonzeensis 90 Ma

Mosasaurus major subjective synonym of Mosasaurus dekayi 84 Ma

Mosasaurus maximilliani subjective synonym of Mosasaurus missouriensis 84 Ma

Mosasaurus maximus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus meirsii subjective synonym of Mosasaurus dekayi 84 Ma

Mosasaurus minor

Mosasaurus missouriensis 84 Ma

Mosasaurus mokoroa 84 Ma

Mosasaurus neovidii subjective synonym of Mosasaurus missouriensis 84 Ma

Mosasaurus oarthrus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus occidentalis

Mosasaurus princeps subjective synonym of Mosasaurus hoffmannii 84 Ma

Mosasaurus prismaticus

Mosasaurus reversus nomen dubium, species not entered Mosasaurus

Mosasaurus scanicus

Nectoportheus validus 72 Ma

Synonyms (11)

Amphekepubis subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Baseodon subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Batrachiosaurus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Batrachotherium subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Drepanodon subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Lesticodus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Macrosaurus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Mosasaurus impar nomen dubium, species not entered Mosasaurus

Mosasaurus reversus nomen dubium, species not entered Mosasaurus

Nectoportheus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

Pterycollosaurus subjective synonym of Mosasaurus

News 6

Discover the Amazing Pterygoid Teeth on the Palate of a Mosasaurus Model

tooth Mosasaurus

There are many details to admire in the new Wild Safari Prehistoric World Mosasaurus model. For example, there are pterygoid teeth on the roof of the mouth. The best prehistoric animal figures feature anatomical details that elevate them above other figures. The inclusion of the remarkable Mosasaurus pterygoid teeth is a sure sign that a

09/08/2026 everythingdinosaur

New Wild Safari Prehistoric World Mosasaurus Model in Stock

tooth Dinosauria Mosasaurus

The new for 2026 Wild Safari Prehistoric World Mosasaurus model has arrived. This marine reptile figure is now in stock at Everything Dinosaur. It is praised for its anatomical details such as a hypocercal tail and pterygoid teeth. In addition, the model has a forked tongue. The model has a forked tongue and pterygoid

04/08/2026 everythingdinosaur

Gigantic and aggressive: this sea “T. rex” was a terrifying predator

predator Mosasaurus new species

Aggressive, immense and endowed with unique characteristics: American researchers have described a new species of mosasaur, the terrible Tylosaurus rex.

26/05/2026 sciencesetavenir ⚙ Auto-translated

Even more fearsome than the T. rex: this giant mosasaur, the size of a bus, is the most ferocious ever discovered

predator fossil Mosasaurus study

It ruled the seas 80 million years ago, measured more than 13 meters long and seemed much more violent than other marine predators of its time. A new study has just revealed the existence of a gigantic mosasaur, previously poorly identified, whose fossils tell...

26/05/2026 futura-terre ⚙ Auto-translated

New Species of Enormous Mosasaur is Described

predator Campanian Cretaceous Late Cretaceous fossil +3

A newly named giant Tylosaurus species has been named by researchers. The new species of Tylosaurus has been erected based on fossils found in northern Texas. This enormous predator ruled the ancient seas around 80 million years ago (Campanian faunal stage of the Late Cretaceous). The scientific paper was published in the Bulletin of the American

26/05/2026 everythingdinosaur

Scientists discover giant sea predator Tylosaurus rex that terrorized ancient oceans

predator fossil Mosasaurus Tylosaurus discovery +1

A colossal new sea predator named Tylosaurus rex has been identified from fossils found in Texas, revealing a brutal 43-foot-long hunter that ruled ancient oceans 80 million years ago. The discovery not only introduces one of the biggest mosasaurs ever known, but also shakes up long-standing ideas about how these marine reptiles evolved.

23/05/2026 sciencedaily

Images 11

Bibliography

Original description

J. Parkinson. 1822. Outlines of Oryctology. An Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains; Especially of Those Found in the British Strata: Intended to Aid the Student in His Inquiries Respecting the Nature of Fossils

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