Family
Valid Extinct

Toretocnemidae

Maisch and Matzke 2000

The Toretocnemidae were a group of ichthyosaurs that lived in the Late Triassic epoch.

Temporal range
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Paleogene
Neogene
252 201 145 66 0 Ma
PBDB occurrences
12
Group
Ichtyosaures
Carnivore nektonic Marine
Toretocnemidae
click to enlarge
Californosaurus perrini, an ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic of North America, pencil drawing © Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
Toretocnemidae
PBDB ↗ Wikipedia ↗
Classification
Ichthyosauria Unranked clade
›
Hueneosauria Unranked clade
›
Longipinnati Suborder
›
Toretocnemidae Family
Fossil sites 12 geolocated sites
Distribution
Top countries
🇨🇳 China
7
🇺🇸 United States
2
🇲🇽 Mexico
2
🇸🇯 SJ
1
Geological formations
Falang
4
Xiaowa
3
Hosselkus
2
Antimonio
2
Botneheia
1
Temporal distribution
Norian (227.3–205.7 Ma)
1
Carnian (237–227.3 Ma)
8
Ladinian (241.464–237 Ma)
3
Images 8
Bibliography
Original description
M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 298:1-159
Bibliography (10)
H. Lu, D.-Y. Jiang, and R. Motani, P.-G. Ni, Z.-Y. Sun, A. Tintori, S.-Z. Xiao, M. Zhou, C. Ji, W.-F. Fu. 2018. Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna: Showing turnover of marine reptiles from coastal to oceanic environments. Palaeoworld 27(1):107-116 DOI ↗
P. Yang, C. Ji, and D. Jiang, R. Motani, A. Tintori, Y. Sun, Z. Sun. 2013. A new species of Qianichthyosaurus (reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from Xingyi Fauna (Ladinian, Middle Triassic) of Guizhou. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 49(6):1002-1008
M. W. Maisch and D. Blomeier. 2009. Filling the gap - an ichthyosaur (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic Botneheia Formation of Svalbard. Neues Jarbuch fur geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlung 254(3):379-384 DOI ↗
M. W. Maisch, D.-Y. Jiang, and W.-C. Hao, Y.-L. Sun, Z.-Y. Sun, H. Stohr. 2008. A well-preserved skull of Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li, 1999 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Triassic of China and the phylogenetic position of the Toretocnemidae. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 248:257-266 DOI ↗
X. Wang, G. H. Bachmann, and H. Hagdorn, P. M. Sanders, G. Cuny, X. Chen, C. Wang, L. Chen, L. Cheng, F. Meng, G. Xu. 2008. The Late Triassic black shales of the Guanling area, Guizhou province, south-west China: a unique marine reptile and pelagic crinoid fossil lagerstätte. Palaeontology 51(1):27-61
V.-H. Reynoso. 2006. Research on fossil amphibians and reptiles in Mexico, from 1869 to early 2004 (including marine forms but excluding pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and obviously, birds). Studies on Mexican Paleontology 24:209-231
E. L. Nicholls, C. Wei, and M. Manabe. 2002. New material of Qianichthyosaurus Li, 1999 (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Late Triassic of southern China, and implications for the distribution of Triassic icthyosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(4):759-765 DOI ↗
C. Li. 1999. Ichthyosaur from Guizhou, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 44(14):1329-1333 DOI ↗
S. G. Lucas and C. M. González-León. 1995. Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Sonora and the biochronology of Triassic ichthyosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Paper 301:17-20 DOI ↗
J. C. Merriam. 1903. New Ichthyosauria from the Upper Triassic of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 3(12):249-263