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Skull cast of Anchiceratops ornatus (original specimen: TMP 1983.001.0001) on display at the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History.

NMV P157390, a referred maxilla of Atlascopcosaurus loadsi (top), and NMV P166409, a cast of the holotype maxilla of Atlascopcosaurus loadsi (bottom).

Archaeopteryx lithographica, specimen displayed at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. (This image shows the original fossil - not a cast.)

Wintonopus latomorum cast in Natural History Museum.

An Ankylosaurus head (cast of specimen AMNH 5214), on display at the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, Montana. This is from a specimen collected in Custer County, Montana. The Ankylosauria were armored dinosaurs that lived from 122 million years ago to 66 million years ago in western North America, Europe, and East Asia. There were two subgroups: The Nodosauridae and Ankylosauridae. The Ankylosauridae contained six species, and a single subfamily -- the Ankylosaurinae. There 18 genus within the subfamily, of which Ankylosaurus is the best known. Ankylosaurus as the last of these, and lived 65.5 to 66.5 million years ago. Ankylosaurus was about 20.5 feet long, 5 feet wide, and 5.5 feet tall at the hip. It walked on all fours, with the rear legs longer than the front ones. They ripped vegetation, and swallowed it whole. Their defining feature was their armor. They body was covered in thick, heavy bony plates, and most of the plates were fused together to make them even stronger. Embedded in the skin were more knobs of bone, and the outer skin above these knobs covered in keratin (the same stuff fingernails are made of). Ankylosaurus had a tail club, which consisted of several large osteoderms fused to the last few tail vertebrae. Ankylosaurus was discovered in 1908.

Cast of Gorgosaurus specimen ROM 1247 (sometimes labelled as Albertosaurus) at the Royal Tyrrell Museum.

Skeletal cast of Daspletosaurus torosus on display at the Milwaukee Public Museum. Part of the Tyrannosaurs: Meet the Family traveling exhibit developed by The Australian Museum.

Globidens phosphaticus skull cast on display at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.

A cast of the pterosaur Dorygnathus banthensis at Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden.

A Psittacosaurus skeleton cast in the permanent collection of The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis.

A Psittacosaurus skeleton cast in the permanent collection of The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis.

Moyeni dinosaur tracks. Photographs of plaster casts (positives) of Grallator track 6 (A) and Anomoepus track 8 (B) made at the Moyeni tracksite by the authors. Tracks are shown at the same scale (10 cm), and hatching pattern indicates broken surfaces. The Grallator hind foot print was made by pedal digits II–IV; the trackmaker's phalangeal formula was 3–4–5. Digits I and V did not contact the substrate. The rugose texture surrounding the print is the algal mat. The Anomoepus manus–pes couple registers all five manual digits (i–v), four pedal digits (I–IV), the metatarsus (mt), and toe drag marks (dm). Additional structures to the left of the pes are incidental marks made by a different trackmaker.

Moyeni dinosaur tracks. Photographs of plaster casts (positives) of Grallator track 6 (A) and Anomoepus track 8 (B) made at the Moyeni tracksite by the authors. Tracks are shown at the same scale (10 cm), and hatching pattern indicates broken surfaces. The Grallator hind foot print was made by pedal digits II–IV; the trackmaker's phalangeal formula was 3–4–5. Digits I and V did not contact the substrate. The rugose texture surrounding the print is the algal mat. The Anomoepus manus–pes couple registers all five manual digits (i–v), four pedal digits (I–IV), the metatarsus (mt), and toe drag marks (dm). Additional structures to the left of the pes are incidental marks made by a different trackmaker.

Mounted skeleton (cast) of Majungasaurus crenatissimus, Stony Brook University.

Mounted skeleton (cast) of Majungasaurus crenatissimus, Stony Brook University.

Mounted composite cast of Pteranodon longiceps (=P. ingens) at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Photo credit Matt Martyniuk henteeth.com