Citipati

Cranial anatomy of Infernogallus jamesi. Photograph (a) and line drawing (b) of the skull of ROM VP 65050 in left lateral view. (c) µCT reconstruction of the skull and mandible, with each bone segmented separately (colours) and retrodeformed (see “Methods”). (d) µCT reconstruction with the mandible removed to show the palatal bones, which protrude ventrally below the cheek margin and the mandibular articulation point of the quadrate. (e) idealised reconstruction of the skull and mandible as they would have appeared in life, showing distinctive reduction of infratemporal fenestra (blue arrow), and rearrangement of pterygoid musculature (orange line) compared to archetypal oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae (f). Dotted blue lines in (e, f) outline internal features obscured by overlying mandibles. bo basioccipital, ect ectopterygoid, fr frontal, j jugal, lac lacrimal, lts laterosphenoid, mvp maxillovomeral process, mPTv pterygoideus ventralismuscle, mx maxilla, p parietal, pal palatine, pbs parabasiphenoid, pmx premaxilla, po postorbital, pt pterygoid, q quadrate, qj quadratojugal, sq squamosal, v vomer. Scale bar as indicated.

Cranial anatomy of Infernogallus jamesi. Photograph (a) and line drawing (b) of the skull of ROM VP 65050 in left lateral view. (c) µCT reconstruction of the skull and mandible, with each bone segmented separately (colours) and retrodeformed (see “Methods”). (d) µCT reconstruction with the mandible removed to show the palatal bones, which protrude ventrally below the cheek margin and the mandibular articulation point of the quadrate. (e) idealised reconstruction of the skull and mandible as they would have appeared in life, showing distinctive reduction of infratemporal fenestra (blue arrow), and rearrangement of pterygoid musculature (orange line) compared to archetypal oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae (f). Dotted blue lines in (e, f) outline internal features obscured by overlying mandibles. bo basioccipital, ect ectopterygoid, fr frontal, j jugal, lac lacrimal, lts laterosphenoid, mvp maxillovomeral process, mPTv pterygoideus ventralismuscle, mx maxilla, p parietal, pal palatine, pbs parabasiphenoid, pmx premaxilla, po postorbital, pt pterygoid, q quadrate, qj quadratojugal, sq squamosal, v vomer. Scale bar as indicated.

(e) idealised reconstruction of the skull and mandible as they would have appeared in life, showing distinctive reduction of infratemporal fenestra (blue arrow), and rearrangement of pterygoid musculature (orange line) compared to archetypal oviraptorid Citipati osmolskae (f). Dotted blue lines in (e, f) outline internal features obscured by overlying mandibles. mvp maxillovomeral process, mPTv pterygoideus ventralismuscle, pt pterygoid

The hands of oviraptorosaurs, showing basal oviraptorosaurs (A-B), Caenagnathidae (C-G) and Oviraptoridae (H-R). Colors signify diagnostic attributes of each group, with blue representing caenagnathid features (1-7), red representing oviraptorid features (8-15), green representing “ingeniine” features (16-21), light orange representing other features (22-25) not evenly distributed among taxa, and violet representing features basal to or restricted to non-caenagnathoid oviraptorosaurs (26-31). See text for clarification. A, Protarchaeopteryx robusta, based on NGMC 2127; B, Caudipteryx sp., based on IVPP V12430; C, Anzu wyliei, based on CM 78000; D, Gigantoraptor erlianensis, based on LH V0011; E, Chirostenotes pergracilis, based on CMN 2367 and RTMP 1979.20.1; F, Hagryphus giganteus, based on UMNH VP 12765; G, Elmisaurus rarus, based on ZPAL MgD-I/98; H, Wulatelong gobiensis, based on IVPP V18409; I, Oviraptor philoceratops, based on AMNH FABR 6517; J, the Bayan Mandahu “oviraptorine,” IVPP V9608; K, the Zamyn Khondt “oviraptorid,” MPC-D 100/42; L, Citipati osmolskae, based on MPC-D 100/979; M, Conchoraptor gracilis, based on MPC-D 100/20; N, Khaan mckennai, based on MPC-D 100/1127; O, Machairasaurus leptonychus, based on IVPP V15979; P, Nemegtomaia barsboldi, based on MPC-D 107/15 and 107/16; Q, “Ingenia“ yanshini, based on MPC-D 100/30; R, Heyuannia huangi, based on HYMV1-2.

The "Big Mama" Citipati osmolskae skeleton (IGM 100/979) on display at the American Museum of Natural History.

Montage of eight different representatives of coelurosaurian dinosaurs: (Clockwise from upper left) GIN 100/42 which may represent Citipati or a different oviraptorosaur, Sinosauropteryx prima, Nothronychus mckinleyi, Tyrannosaurus rex, Bambiraptor feinbergi, Passer domesticus, Struthiomimus altus, Microraptor gui. This is a collection of eight different works already found in Wikimedia Commons (see source field below).