Spinosauridae

Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, a spinosaurid from the Middle Cretaceous of Egypt

Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, a spinosaurid from the Middle Cretaceous of Egypt

Restoration of the spinosaurid dinosaur Siamosaurus in the Sao Khua Formation palaeoenvironment, with Sunosuchus in the middle left and a herd of Phuwiangosaurus in the background. References: Siamosaurus based on tooth specimens [1] and the neural spine of a possibly referable skeleton[2], with other missing elements filled in with relatives (Suchomimus[3], Baryonyx[4], IchthyovenatorFile:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_skeletal_reconstruction_by_PaleoGeek.png). Phuwiangosaurus based on skeletal by Suteethorn et al. (2009)[5] and missing elements of skull of EuhelopusFile:Euhelopus.png. Sunosuchus based on Suteethorn and Ingavat (1983)[6] and missing elements based on Goniopholis[7].

Reconstruction of the terrestrial paleoenvironmental setting of the Sao Khua Formation by Renata Cunha. In the center, a generalized spinosaurid feeds on a sauropod. This trophic relationship is hypothesized based on isolated tooth crowns found in association with a sauropod skeleton [67]. In the background, a small pack of the ornithomimosaur theropod Kinnareemimus. Both sauropods and ornithomimosaurs (as part of the “herbivorous” theropods) were found to be positively associated with terrestrial paleoenvironments by Butler and Barrett [15]. (cropped from File:Spinosaurid and Kinnareemimus.PNG)

Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, a spinosaurid from the Middle Cretaceous of Egypt

Restoration of the spinosaurid dinosaur Siamosaurus in the Sao Khua Formation palaeoenvironment, with Sunosuchus in the middle left and a herd of Phuwiangosaurus in the background. References: Siamosaurus based on tooth specimens [1] and the neural spine of a possibly referable skeleton[2], with other missing elements filled in with relatives (Suchomimus[3], Baryonyx[4], IchthyovenatorFile:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_skeletal_reconstruction_by_PaleoGeek.png). Phuwiangosaurus based on skeletal by Suteethorn et al. (2009)[5] and missing elements of skull of EuhelopusFile:Euhelopus.png. Sunosuchus based on Suteethorn and Ingavat (1983)[6] and missing elements based on Goniopholis[7].

Revamped drawing with changed dinocephalosaurus and atopodentatus

Collage of four spinosaurids. From top left to right: Baryonyx, Irritator, Suchomimus and Spinosaurus. These files are already on Commons with their respective licenses. This montage was made for the article Spinosauridae on Wikipedia. File:Bryonyx.jpg File:Irritator challengeri mount 01.jpg File:Suchomimuscroc.png File:Spinosaurus swimming.jpg

Collage of four spinosaurids. From top left to right: Baryonyx, Irritator, Suchomimus and Spinosaurus. These files are already on Commons with their respective licenses. This montage was made for the article Spinosauridae on Wikipedia. File:Bryonyx.jpg File:Irritator challengeri mount 01.jpg File:Suchomimuscroc.png File:Spinosaurus swimming.jpg

Collage of four spinosaurids. From top left to right: Baryonyx, Irritator, Suchomimus and Spinosaurus. These files are already on Commons with their respective licenses. This montage was made for the article Spinosauridae on Wikipedia. File:Bryonyx.jpg File:Irritator challengeri mount 01.jpg File:Suchomimuscroc.png File:Spinosaurus swimming.jpg

Collage of four spinosaurids. From top left to right: Baryonyx, Irritator, Suchomimus and Spinosaurus. These files are already on Commons with their respective licenses. This montage was made for the article Spinosauridae on Wikipedia. File:Bryonyx.jpg File:Irritator challengeri mount 01.jpg File:Suchomimuscroc.png File:Spinosaurus swimming.jpg

Collage of four spinosaurids. From top left to right: Baryonyx, Irritator, Suchomimus and Spinosaurus. These files are already on Commons with their respective licenses. This montage was made for the article Spinosauridae on Wikipedia. File:Bryonyx.jpg File:Irritator challengeri mount 01.jpg File:Suchomimuscroc.png File:Spinosaurus swimming.jpg

Restoration of the Chinese theropod "Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis" as a generalized spinosaurid. Silhouette of the holotype tooth is visible.

Geological context of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of southeast England, focussing on the Purbeck Group and Wealden Supergroup. (A) Schematic geology of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Weald Sub-basin (southeast England), highlighting published spinosaurid finds (Charig & Milner, 1997; Salisbury & Naish, 2011; Turmine-Juhel et al., 2019). Based on Austen & Batten (2018: Fig. 2). Note that various additional spinosaurid teeth are known from the region but remain undescribed in detail (Fowler, 2007). (B) Simplified stratigraphic column of the Weald Group in southeast England, based on Batten & Austen (2011: Fig. 3.2). Note that the Grinstead Clay Formation, which subdivides the Tunbridge Wells Sands Formation in Batten & Austen (2011) and from which the “Suchosaurus cultridens” type specimen was discovered (Salisbury & Naish, 2011), is downgraded to a member of the latter formation in other works (Hopson, Wilkinson & Woods, 2008) and has not been included in this column. Spinosaurid silhouette courtesy of Dan Folkes (CC-BY 4.0).