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Preserved bones of Sanjuansaurus gordilloi (PVSJ 605), positioned as they were found in the field. Abbreviations: ca1–15, caudal vertebrae 1–15; c2–9, cervical vertebrae 2–9; d1–14, dorsal vertebrae 1–14; l Fe, left femur; l il, left ilium; l MII, left metatarsal II; l Sc, left scapula and coracoid; l Ti, left tibia; l Ul, left ulna; Ph, manual phalanx; R, rib; r As-Ca, right astragalus and calcaneum; r Fe, right femur; r Fi, right fibula; r Fe, right femur; r Mx, right maxilla; r Pu, right pubis; r Sc, right scapula and coracoid; r Ti, right tibia; s1–3, sacral vertebrae 1–3. Scale bars equals 20 cm.

Outline of Irisosaurus yimenensis displaying the preserved material. The most informative elements are figured. (a) Outline; (b) Tooth; (c) Left maxilla; (d) Middle cervical; (e) Posterior cervical; (f) Anterior dorsal; (g) Middle dorsal neural spine; (h) Right scapula; (i) Right humerus; (j) Right ulna; (k) Right manus. Scale bars = 1 m (a); 1 cm (b); 5 cm (c–g); 10 cm (h–k).

Skeletal reconstruction and exemplar skeletal remains of Lingwulong shenqi. Silhouette showing preserved elements (a); middle cervical vertebra in left lateral (b) and anterior (c) views; anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral (d) and anterior (e) views; posterior dorsal vertebra in lateral view (f); sacrum and ilium in left lateral view (g); anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral (h) and anterior (i) views; right scapulocoracoid in lateral view (j); right humerus in anterior view (k); left pubis in lateral view (l); right ischium in lateral (m) views; right femur in posterior view (n); and right tibia in lateral view (o). Abbreviations: ap, ambiens process; ar, acromial ridge; ip, iliac peduncle; naf, notch anterior to glenoid; np, neural spine; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; ppr, prezygapophyseal process ridge; prp, prezygapophysis; pvf, posteroventral fossa; slf, shallow lateral fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; wls, wing-like structure. Scale bars = 100 cm for a and 5 cm for b–o

Photographs and half-tone drawings of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae of Leinkupal laticauda, gen. n. sp. n. (MMCH-Pv 63). Cervical 6? in (A) lateral and (B) posterior views. Cervical 8? in (C) lateral and (D) ventral views. Cervical 11? in (E) lateral and (F) dorsal views (reversed). Dorsal 2? in (G) lateral and (H) anterior views (reversed). Abbreviations: cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dia, diapophysis; hns, hemi neural spine; mt, median tubercle; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pf, pneumatic fossa; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophyses; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvf, posteroventral flanges; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa. Scale bar equals 10 cm.

Holotype material of Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis (ML 414, Porto Dinheiro), proximal end of a dorsal rib in anterior view (1), anterior caudal neural spine in posterior view (2) and articulated dorsal vertebrae in right view (3). Scale bar: 10 cm.

Austrosaurus mckillopi (QM F2316; holotype [part]) presacral vertebral series in left lateral view. Scale = 20 cm.

Skeletal reconstruction of the preserved postcranial elements of the holotype specimen of Yongjinglong datangi (GSGM ZH(08)-04). All elements are shown in left lateral view except the right ulna and radius which are in right medial view. Abbreviations: R, right; L, left. Scale bar equals 600 mm.

Cranium of Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov. (MDT-PV 2). Photographs (A, C) and interpretive drawing (B) in right lateral (A, B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations see text. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Photograph of the holotype (USNM 538127) vertebra of the sauropod Dzharatitanus (Averianov & Sues, 2021). A is the posterior view; B is the right lateral view; C is the anterior view. Scale bar equals 10 centimetres.

Cervical vertebra (Cv 12) of Austroposeidon magnificus gen. et nov. sp. (A) Left lateral and (B) anterior views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; d, diapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; s, neural spine; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 100mm.

Uberabatitan ribeiroi (série - A, CPP-UrHo), mid-caudal vertebrae (according to Salgado and Carvalho, 2008). A-C (CPP-1020-UrB) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and dorsolateral (C) views. D-F (CPP-1018-UrB) in left lateral (D), posterior (E) and dorsal (F) views. G-J (CPP-1019-Ub) in left lateral (G), anterior (H), posterior (I) and dorsal (J) views. K-N (CPP-1017-UrHo) in left lateral (K), anterior (L), posterior (M) and dorsal (N) views. Scale bars: A-J 20 cm, K-N 10 cm.

Chadititan calvoi nearly complete right femur of MPCN-Pv 1038 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (F) proximal, and (G) distal views; distal end of right femur of holotype MPCN-Pv 1034 in (C) anterior, (D) posterior, (E) distal, (H) lateral, and (I) medial views; proximal end of right femur of MPCN-Pv 1035, in (J) proximal, (K), posterior, (L) anterior, and (M) lateral views. Abbreviations: eg, extensor groove; tfc, tibiofibular crest condyle; fg, femoral groove; fh, femoral head; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, major trochanter. Scale bar = A-I, 20 cm; J-L, 10 cm.

Uriash kadici n. gen. n. sp. holotype, femora. Large fragment of right femur SZRFH Ob.3103 (individual C) in A, anterior; B, medial; C, posterior; and D, lateral views. Small fragment of left femur SZRFH Ob.3103 (individual C) in E, posterior; and F, medial views. The numbers 7* and 8 indicate the autapomorphies described in the text: femoral shaft starts to transversely expand distally at a point close to its midlength; and hypertrophied femoral fourth trochanter. Scale bar equals 200 mm.

Fig. 5. Forelimb bones of the titanosaurian sauropod Bustingorrytitan shiva gen. et sp. nov. from “Bustingorry II” site, Neuquén Province, Argentina, upper Cenomanian. A. Left coracoid (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/13) in lateral view. B. Left scapula (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/11) in lateral view. C. Left humerus (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/21) in proximal (C1), anterior (C2), and distal (C3) views. D. Right radius (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/22) in posterior view. E. Left sternal plate (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/15) in dorsal view. F. Articulated metacarpals I–V (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/25–29) in proximal (F1), anterior (F2) and distal (F3) views. G. Right ulna (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/23) in medial (G1) and proximal (G2) views. Abbreviations: cf, coracoid foramen; gas, glenoid articular surface; igl, infraglenoid lip; I–V, metacarpals. Scale bars 200 mm.

Representative taxa from the early Campanian Muthmannsdorf fauna from the Grünbach Formation, eastern Austria. A Doratodon carcharidens (Mesoeucrocodylia) mandible (PIUW 2349/57) in dorsal view (photo by Márton Rabi) B Indeterminate azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae), left humerus (PIUW 2349/102) in anterior view C ‘Megalosaurus pannoniensis’ basal tetanuran (Theropoda, Tetanurae), tooth (PIUW uncatalogued) in lateral view D Mochlodon suessi (Ornithopoda, Rhabdodontidae), right dentary (holotype, PIUW 2349/2) in medial view. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A, B and D and 1 cm in C.

Life reconstruction of Lewisuchus admixtus. Human scale removed.