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Camposipterus nasutus comb. n. Holotype CAMSM B 54556 (Albian, Cambridge Greensand), anterior part of the rostrum A left lateral view B respective line drawing C ventral view D respective line drawing. Abbreviations: m – maxillae, pm – premaxillae, prid – palatal ridge. Arrows and numbers indicate alveoli or teeth and their respective position. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Exposed elements of H. escuilliei holotype; ep epicleideum, st sternal plates. Scale bar: 70 mm.

Exposed elements of H. escuilliei holotype; ep epicleideum, st sternal plates. Scale bar: 70 mm.

Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Neuquén Group (after Garrido) indicating stratigraphic positions of definitive unenlagiine taxa (modified from Gianechini and Gianechini & Apesteguía). Skeletal reconstructions to approximate scale, redrawn and/or modified from works by Scott Hartman (Buitreraptor gonzalezorum, Austroraptor cabazai), Gabriel Lio (Unenlagia comahuensis, Neuquenraptor argentinus, Unenlagia paynemili), and Jaime Headden (Pamparaptor micros, Diuqin lechiguanae), used with permission

Cranium of Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov. (MDT-PV 2). Photographs (A, C) and interpretive drawing (B) in right lateral (A, B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations see text. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Cranium of Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov. (MDT-PV 2). Photographs (A, C) and interpretive drawing (B) in right lateral (A, B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations see text. Scale bar = 10 cm.

Kronosaurus queenslandicus (QM F18827; proposed neotype [part]) skull in dorsal view (modified from McHenry Citation2009). Scale = 30 cm.

Carinodens acrodon holotype left maxilla (MHNM.KHG.1510) (A) compared to Xenodens calminechari holotype left maxilla (MHNM.KHG.331) (B), in lateral view; both from Sidi Chennane, Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco; Phosphates, Upper Couche III, uppermost Maastrichtian [9,24]. Scales = 50 mm.

Vertebrae of Gualicho shinyae from the fossil collection of the Museo patagónico de ciencias naturales Juan Carlos Salgado, General Roca, Río Negro. Scale as size reference.

Silesaurid left dentaries. (A) Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (based primarily on DMNH EPV.63136) in lateral view, (B) same in medial view, (C) Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT R89) in lateral view, (D) same in medial view, (E) Eucoelophysis baldwini (GR 224) in lateral view, (F) same in medial view, (G) Technosaurus smalli (TTU P-9021, reversed) in lateral view, (H) same in medial view (also reversed), (I) Sacisaurus agudoensis (composite based on MCN PV10042 and MCN PV10043) in lateral view, (J) same in medial view, (K) Silesaurus opolensis (ZPAL AbIII/361/26) in lateral view, (L) same in medial view, (M) Diodorus scytobrachion (MNHM-ARG 30) in lateral view (reversed), (N) same in medial view (also reversed), (O) Soumyasaurus aenigmaticus (TTU-P1125b) in lateral view, (P) same in medial view. Dashed lines indicate broken edges. Unshaded regions indicate the surface of the specimen is not exposed. All scale bars = 1 cm.

Crommium angustatum Grateloup, 1827 fossil snail shell (apical view) from the Oligocene of France. (42 mm across at its widest) Of all the molluscs, the gastropods (snails) have made the most ecological adaptations. They can be found in almost all fundamental environments: marine, freshwater, terrestrial. Most gastropods live in the ocean, and have a single, asymmetrically coiled, external shell of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 - usually aragonite). The hard calcareous shell is the most easily fossilized part of the gastropod. The soft parts of a snail (the “slug” portion) include a well developed head having eyes, tentacles, and a mouth, and a well developed, strong, muscular foot used principally for locomotion. The shell is carried upright on the snail’s back, or is partially dragged behind. When threatened by a predator, many snails can retract their soft parts into the shell’s interior for protection. Many fossil snails in the Paleozoic rock record are often not well preserved, or are preserved as internal molds. The original aragonite of many gastropod shells is not stable on geologic time scales, and often recrystallizes or dissolves completely away. Fossil snail shells in Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks are usually better preserved. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Naticoidea, Ampullinidae Age: Rupelian Stage (Stampian Stage), Lower Oligocene Locality: Gaas, Landes Department, Aquitaine, southwestern France

Crommium angustatum Grateloup, 1827 fossil snail shell (apical view) from the Oligocene of France. (42 mm across at its widest) Of all the molluscs, the gastropods (snails) have made the most ecological adaptations. They can be found in almost all fundamental environments: marine, freshwater, terrestrial. Most gastropods live in the ocean, and have a single, asymmetrically coiled, external shell of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 - usually aragonite). The hard calcareous shell is the most easily fossilized part of the gastropod. The soft parts of a snail (the “slug” portion) include a well developed head having eyes, tentacles, and a mouth, and a well developed, strong, muscular foot used principally for locomotion. The shell is carried upright on the snail’s back, or is partially dragged behind. When threatened by a predator, many snails can retract their soft parts into the shell’s interior for protection. Many fossil snails in the Paleozoic rock record are often not well preserved, or are preserved as internal molds. The original aragonite of many gastropod shells is not stable on geologic time scales, and often recrystallizes or dissolves completely away. Fossil snail shells in Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks are usually better preserved. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Naticoidea, Ampullinidae Age: Rupelian Stage (Stampian Stage), Lower Oligocene Locality: Gaas, Landes Department, Aquitaine, southwestern France

Crommium angustatum Grateloup, 1827 fossil snail shell (abapertural view) from the Oligocene of France. (57 mm tall) Of all the molluscs, the gastropods (snails) have made the most ecological adaptations. They can be found in almost all fundamental environments: marine, freshwater, terrestrial. Most gastropods live in the ocean, and have a single, asymmetrically coiled, external shell of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 - usually aragonite). The hard calcareous shell is the most easily fossilized part of the gastropod. The soft parts of a snail (the “slug” portion) include a well developed head having eyes, tentacles, and a mouth, and a well developed, strong, muscular foot used principally for locomotion. The shell is carried upright on the snail’s back, or is partially dragged behind. When threatened by a predator, many snails can retract their soft parts into the shell’s interior for protection. Many fossil snails in the Paleozoic rock record are often not well preserved, or are preserved as internal molds. The original aragonite of many gastropod shells is not stable on geologic time scales, and often recrystallizes or dissolves completely away. Fossil snail shells in Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks are usually better preserved. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Naticoidea, Ampullinidae Age: Rupelian Stage (Stampian Stage), Lower Oligocene Locality: Gaas, Landes Department, Aquitaine, southwestern France

nodes 52-53: Hesslerella shermani, FMNH PE 16527, latex cast whitened with ammonium chloride, scale bar image credit T. Hegna

Tooth of extinct Hybodontidae View: Occlusal Datation: Jurássic Sup., Kimmerdgian/Tithonian ~150 Millions years Geologic horizon: Sub bacia Bombarral-Alcobaça / Lourinhã Fm. - PORTUGAL Deposit Number: PE02-VET-00087 in CCN Coll. Scale: 1 mm

Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. Stereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm.