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Partial rostrum of Iberodactylus andreui gen. et sp. nov. (MPZ-2014/1). Photographic images (A–F) and 3D renderings obtained from μCT data (G–L) in right lateral (A,G), left lateral (B,H), dorsal (C,I), palatal (D,J), caudal (E,K), and cranial (F,L) views. Scale bar in cm. Abbreviations. pm: premaxilla; pmcr: premaxillary crest; prid: palatal ridge; te: teeth; trb: trabeculae.

Australian Mesozoic pterosaurs. A, Aussiedraco molnari (QM F10613; holotype) mandible in dorsal view. Scale = 1 cm. B, Mythunga camara (QM F18896; holotype) partial skull and mandible in left lateral view. Scale = 5 cm. C, Thapunngaka shawi (KK F494; holotype) mandible in left lateral view. Scale = 5 cm. D, Ferrodraco lentoni (AODF 0876; holotype [part]) partial skull and mandible in left lateral view. Scale = 5 cm.

Selected elements used in the diagnosis of Saltriovenator zanellai n. gen. n. sp. Right humerus in medial (A), frontal (B) and distal (C) views; (D) left scapula, medial view; (E) right scapular glenoid and coracoid, lateral view; (F) furcula, ventral view; tooth, labial (G) and apical (H) views; (I) left humerus, medial view; right second metacarpal in dorsal (J), lateral (L) and distal (N) views; first phalanx of the right second digit in dorsal (K), lateral (M) and proximal (O) views; (P–T) right third digit in proximal, dorsal and lateral views; (U) right distal tarsal IV, proximal view; third right metatarsal in proximal (V) and frontal (X) views; second right metatarsal, proximal (W) and frontal (Y) views; (Z) reconstructed skeleton showing identified elements (red). Abbreviations as in text, asterisks mark autapomorphic traits. Scale bars: 10 cm in (A)–(E), (I), and (U)–(Y); two cm in (F), and (J)–(T); one cm in (G).

Articulated tibia, fibula, astragalus and calcaneum of Xenotarsosaurus (UNPSJB PV 194/1; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ‘San Juan Bosco’, Chubut, Argentina). Scale bar: 5 cm.

Reconstruction of the Abelisaurus skull with original bones of the holotype. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino, Cipolletti, Argentina. Scale = 10 cm

Reconstructed skull of Duriavenator hesperis showing known material (white) of the holotype and only known specimen. Unknown bones based on related Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis. Scale bar is 10cm, image is 10px/cm. Cranial anatomy based on Benson (2008) "A redescription of "Megalosaurus" hesperis (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Inferior Oolite (Bajocian, Middle Jurassic) of Dorset, United Kingdom"

Reconstructed skull of Wiehenvenator albati based on holotype specimen (white). Scale bar is 10cm, image if 10px/cm. Unknown material based on related Torvosaurus tanneri. Cranial anatomy based on Rauhut et al (2016) "A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic"

Reconstruceted skull of Dubreuillosaurus illustrating known (white) and unknown (grey) material. Scale bar is 10cm. Based of figures and description of Allain (2002) "Discovery of megalosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) in the middle Bathonian of Normandy (France) and its implications for the phylogeny of basal Tetanurae"

Reconstructed skull of the holotype and only specimen of Leshansaurus qianweiensis based on the possibly related megalosaurid Dubreuillosaurus valesdunensis. Scale bar is 10cm, image is 10px/cm. Cranial anatomy from figures in Fei et al. (2009) "A new carnosaur from the Late Jurassic of Qianwei, Sichuan, China". White bones are figured, light grey bones are unfigured and minimally described.

Ceratosaurian theropod Camarillasaurus cirugedae gen. et sp. nov. from the Camarillas Formation of Camarillas, Soria Province, Spain, presacral vertebra, MPG-KPC9, in anterior (A), left lateral (B), and posterior (C) views; possible neural spine tips, MPG1116, 32, 33 in ?posterior (D) and transverse (E) views; and presacral rib MPG-KPC7, in ventral view (F) and detail of its proximal end (G). Scale bars are 10 mm (A-C, G), 20 mm (D-E) and 100 mm (F).

3ANA83 Mid caudal vertebrae of Protathlitis in anterior (A), posterior (B), lateral (C, D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F). Abbreviations: acdf, anterior centrodiapophyseal fossa; cdl, centrodiapophyseal lamina; ch, chevron articulation; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pcdf, posterior centrodiapophyseal fossa; prdl, prezygadiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. 4ANA-69 Mid caudal vertebrae of Protathlitis in anterior (G), posterior (H), lateral (I, J), dorsal (K) and ventral (L). 5ANA-78 Mid caudal vertebrae of Protathlitis in anterior (M), posterior (N), lateral (O, P), dorsal (Q) and ventral (R). Scale bar equals 5 cm.

Skeletal reconstruction and postcranial anatomy of Asfaltovenator vialidadi, MPEF PV 3440. Centre: body outline with preserved elements indicated. (A) articulated cervical vertebrae three to five. (B) cervical vertebra 7. (C) articulated dorsal vertebrae four to seven (better preserved right side, reversed). (D) right humerus in anterior view. (E) right radius and ulna, medial view. (F) right manus, metacarpus in dorsal and digits in lateral view. (G) articulated proximal ends of right tibia and fibula in lateral and proximal views. Abbreviations: ag, anterior groove; cc, cnemial crest; cr, cervical rib; dc, distal carpal; di, diapophysis; dpc, deltpectoral crest; ec, ectepicondyle; ent, entepicondyle; epi, epipophysis; fi, fibula; fic, fibular condyle; hy, hyposphene; im, intermedium; it, internal tuberosity; lr, lateral ridge; mc, metacarpal; ns, neural spine; ol, olecranon; pa, parapophysis; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, paradiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; ra, radial. Scale bars are 100 cm (skeletal reconstruction), 5 cm (A–C) and 10 cm (D–G).

Braincase of Shaochilong maortuensis (IVPP V 2885) in right lateral view. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; cr, cochlear recess; mcv, foramen for the mid-cerebral vein; pr, pneumatic recesses of the dorsal tympanic recess; ptr, posterior tympanic recess. Roman numerals indicate the exits for the trigeminal (V) and facialis (VII) nerve. Scale bar is 2 cm.

Left maxilla (A) and left dentary (B) of carcharodontosaurid theropod Kelmayisaurus petrolicus Dong, 1973 (IVPP V 4022, China, Lianmugin For− mation, Lower Cretaceous). Photographs in lateral (A1, B1), medial (A2, B2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (B3) views. Scale bars 5 cm. Designation “d” refers to dentary tooth, designation “m” refers to maxillary tooth position. Dorsal view of dentary shows tooth row only.

Cranium of Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangensis (LFGT-ZLJ0115). Cranium in (A) left lateral view with (B) labeled drawing and (C) right lateral view with (D) labeled drawing. Abbreviations: an, angular; ar, articular; bs, basisphenoid; d, dentary; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; lsp, laterosphenoid; m, maxilla; n, nasal; ot, otoccipital; prm, premaxilla; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; par, prearticular; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; pr, prootic; prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; sp, splenial; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal. Striated area indicates damage and grey area indicates matrix. Scale bar represents 100 mm. Photos by Xiao-Chun Wu.

Caihong juji holotype specimen (PMoL-B00175). Photographs of the slab (a) and counter slab (b) and line drawing (c) of the specimen based on both slabs. Photograph (d) and line drawing (e) of a composite of the rostrum of the skull and mandible exposed on the counter slab and the post-rostrum cranium exposed on the slab. Arrows indicate lacrimal crests. Question mark indicates uncertain identification. Scale bars: 10 cm a–c, 1 cm d and e. aof antorbital fenestra, cav caudal vertebra, cev cervical vertebra, dr dorsal rib, dv dorsal vertebra, ect ectopterygoid, emf external mandibular fenestra, en external naris, f feather, fu furcula, ga gastralia, hy hyoid, il ilium, is ischium, la left angular, lar left articular, lc left coracoid, lcr lacrimal crest, ld left dentary, lf left, frontal, lfe left femur, lh left humerus, lj left jugal, ll left lacrimal, lma left maxilla, lm left manus, ln left nasal, lp left pes, lpa left palatine, lpo left postorbital, lq left quadrate, lqj left quadratojugal, lr left radius, ls left scapula, lsp left splenial, lsa left surangular, lsq left squamosal, lt left tibiotarsus, lu left ulna, ma mandible, mf maxillary fenestra, o orbit, p parietal, pm premaxilla, pt pterygoid, pu pubis, rar right articular, rc right coracoid, rd right dentary, rfe right femur, rh right humerus, rm right manus, rp right pes, rpra right prearticular, rq right quadrate, rr right radius, rs right scapula, rt right tibiotarsus, ru right ulna, scl sclerotic bones, sk skull, sy synsacrum