spécimen

Reconstruction of the Bravoceratops skeleton with known bones marked in white. Specimen: TMM 46015-1 (holotype). Scale bar=2 m. Total length along centra=6.97 m.

Jabalisaurus tethyensis, holotype specimen SNSB-BSPG 1954 I 608. A, overview photo; B, interpretive drawing. Abbreviations. at-ns, atlas neural spine; clav (L), left clavicle; hf, hind fin; ic, interclavicle; il, ilium; ip, ischiopubis.

Holotype of the polycotylid[1] plesiosaur Edgarosaurus muddi DRUCKENMILLER, 2002, (MOR 751) comprising the skull, the neck, and the left front flipper, on display in the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, Montana. The specimen was collected in Edgar, Carbon County, Montana, from the Shell Creek member of the Thermopolis Shale Formation, Upper Albian, uppermost Lower Cretaceous.[2]

A color-coded skull diagram of Palatodonta bleekeri, mostly based on a diagram published by Neenan et al. (2013). Some interpretations (such as the presence of a quadratojugal) are based on Maisch (2020). Depicted in left lateral view, mirrored from the original specimen as preserved in right lateral view. Dotted lines indicate missing bone.

Dorsal vertebrae series of the holotype specimen of Morelladon beltrani (CMP-MS-03). CMP-MS-03-06, -07 (including CMP-MS-03-17 and -29) and -05 (including CMP-MS-03-08) in left lateral (A) view. Interpretive drawing of CMP-MS-03-05 (including CMP-MS-03-08 neural spine) in left lateral (B) view. Abbreviations: ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; pre, prezygapophysis; rec, vertical recess; tp, transverse process.

Holotype specimen of Linheraptor exquisitus, the blocks including nearly the entire skeleton.

Honghesaurus longicaudalis gen. et sp. nov., Holotype (IVPP V30380). Photo (a) and line-drawing (b) of whole specimen. c, cervical vertebra; ca, caudal vertebra; d, dorsal vertebra; s, sacral vertebra.

Luopingosaurus imparilis gen. et sp. nov., Holotype (IVPP V19049). Photo (a) and line-drawing (b) of whole specimen. c, cervical vertebra; ca, caudal vertebra; d, dorsal vertebra; s, sacral vertebra.

Left ilium of the camarasauromorph sauropod Brontomerus mcintoshi from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, type specimen OMNH 66430 in lateral view reconstructed from the three fragments (A), and ventral view (B).

Cetarthrosaurus walkeri, propodials. A–F: Holotype (CAMSM B58069), in proximal (A), distal (B), dorsal (C), anterior (D), posterior (E), and ventral (F) views. G–L: referred specimen (CAMSM X50170), in proximal (G), distal (H), dorsal (I), anterior (J), posterior (K), and ventral (L) views. Note the high aspect ratio, the rounded capitulum disconnected from the shaft trochanters, and the high and lamellar dorsal trochanter. Abbreviations: AAE: anterior accessory epipodial element; Fi: fibula; Ra: radius; Ti: tibia; Ul: ulna.

The holotype of Tameryraptor markgrafi (SNSB-BSPG 1922 X46). Photograph of the mounted specimen at a point prior to April 1944.

Restoration of Ganzhousaurus nankangensis, proportions based on diagrams of the holotype specimen and related genera.

The type specimens of Datai yingliangis gen. et ap. nov. (individual lying on top: YLSNHM 01003; individual on bottom: YLSNHM 01002, holotype) prepared and reconstructed in situ. The head, cervical, and thoracic regions of the specimens were discovered and extracted from a single block.

Comptonatus is an iguanodontid ornithopod dinosaur that lived about 125 million years ago, in the Early Cretaceous of what is now Europe. It was a medium sized herbivore at about 7 m in length, and weighed around 1 t in body mass. Fossilized footprints found near the original specimen indicate that Comptonatus was likely a herding animal. Comparisons between Comptonatus and other iguanodontids that lived around the same time and region show a high rate of diversity. This indicates there may have been pressure for speedy evolutionary adaptation in the region, or perhaps a high volume of migration.

Changmiania liaoningensis, an ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Lujiatun (Liaoning Province, China). (A) Holotype PMOL AD00114 in dorsal view; (B) anterior part of the holotype PMOL AD00114 in caudolateral view; (C) referred specimen PMOL LFV022 in dorsal view. Red arrows indicate the emplacement of the gastrolith clusters.

MUHNCAL.20173, holotype specimen of Gondwananectes osvaldoi. A, quarry scheme of the recovered blocks (numbered 1–7). Blocks 1–3 preserve contact surfaces and they are arranged consistently. The position of blocks 4–7 is tentative due to the lack of contact surfaces, although it is based on the anatomical elements preserved. B, schematic diagram of the preserved anatomical elements in MUHNCAL.20173. Abbreviations: c1–c10, cervical centra/vertebrae; d1–d3, dorsal centra; d1na–d3na, neural arches of the d1–d3 dorsal centra; il, ilium fragment; in, indeterminate; lco, left coracoid, lcna, last cervical neural arch; lh, left humerus; lsc, left scapula (ventral process); p1–p2, pectoral centra; pd, posterior dorsal centrum; pna, pectoral neural arch; r, ribs; rh, right humerus (distal); rsc, right scapula (dorsal process). Scale bars represent 10 cm.