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Photograph of the holotype (USNM 538127) vertebra of the sauropod Dzharatitanus (Averianov & Sues, 2021). A is the posterior view; B is the right lateral view; C is the anterior view. Scale bar equals 10 centimetres.

Cervical vertebra (Cv 12) of Austroposeidon magnificus gen. et nov. sp. (A) Left lateral and (B) anterior views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; d, diapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; s, neural spine; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 100mm.

Uberabatitan ribeiroi (série - A, CPP-UrHo), mid-caudal vertebrae (according to Salgado and Carvalho, 2008). A-C (CPP-1020-UrB) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and dorsolateral (C) views. D-F (CPP-1018-UrB) in left lateral (D), posterior (E) and dorsal (F) views. G-J (CPP-1019-Ub) in left lateral (G), anterior (H), posterior (I) and dorsal (J) views. K-N (CPP-1017-UrHo) in left lateral (K), anterior (L), posterior (M) and dorsal (N) views. Scale bars: A-J 20 cm, K-N 10 cm.

Chadititan calvoi nearly complete right femur of MPCN-Pv 1038 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (F) proximal, and (G) distal views; distal end of right femur of holotype MPCN-Pv 1034 in (C) anterior, (D) posterior, (E) distal, (H) lateral, and (I) medial views; proximal end of right femur of MPCN-Pv 1035, in (J) proximal, (K), posterior, (L) anterior, and (M) lateral views. Abbreviations: eg, extensor groove; tfc, tibiofibular crest condyle; fg, femoral groove; fh, femoral head; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, major trochanter. Scale bar = A-I, 20 cm; J-L, 10 cm.

Uriash kadici n. gen. n. sp. holotype, femora. Large fragment of right femur SZRFH Ob.3103 (individual C) in A, anterior; B, medial; C, posterior; and D, lateral views. Small fragment of left femur SZRFH Ob.3103 (individual C) in E, posterior; and F, medial views. The numbers 7* and 8 indicate the autapomorphies described in the text: femoral shaft starts to transversely expand distally at a point close to its midlength; and hypertrophied femoral fourth trochanter. Scale bar equals 200 mm.

Fig. 5. Forelimb bones of the titanosaurian sauropod Bustingorrytitan shiva gen. et sp. nov. from “Bustingorry II” site, Neuquén Province, Argentina, upper Cenomanian. A. Left coracoid (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/13) in lateral view. B. Left scapula (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/11) in lateral view. C. Left humerus (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/21) in proximal (C1), anterior (C2), and distal (C3) views. D. Right radius (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/22) in posterior view. E. Left sternal plate (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/15) in dorsal view. F. Articulated metacarpals I–V (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/25–29) in proximal (F1), anterior (F2) and distal (F3) views. G. Right ulna (holotype, MMCH-Pv 59/23) in medial (G1) and proximal (G2) views. Abbreviations: cf, coracoid foramen; gas, glenoid articular surface; igl, infraglenoid lip; I–V, metacarpals. Scale bars 200 mm.

Representative taxa from the early Campanian Muthmannsdorf fauna from the Grünbach Formation, eastern Austria. A Doratodon carcharidens (Mesoeucrocodylia) mandible (PIUW 2349/57) in dorsal view (photo by Márton Rabi) B Indeterminate azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae), left humerus (PIUW 2349/102) in anterior view C ‘Megalosaurus pannoniensis’ basal tetanuran (Theropoda, Tetanurae), tooth (PIUW uncatalogued) in lateral view D Mochlodon suessi (Ornithopoda, Rhabdodontidae), right dentary (holotype, PIUW 2349/2) in medial view. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A, B and D and 1 cm in C.

Life reconstruction of Lewisuchus admixtus. Human scale removed.

Ahvaytum bahndooiveche scale comparison using Mbiresaurus raathi as reference from Lovelace et al., 2025

1865.. WHITAKEE BXrCKlNGHAM CHALK, 399 I cannot give the thickness with accuraC3\ I will now give a short account of each, beginning with the lowest. (g). Chalk-marl. — A rather brownish-white, slightly sandy, clayey chalk, fissile, with stony layers here and there, and often with fossils (notably fish-scales). This is per- haps 80 feet thick, and mostly causes a rise of the ground above the sloping plain of the Upper Green- sand. (/). Totfernlioe Stone.- At the top of the Chalk- marl in this district there are generally two layers of rathersandy limestone, separated by a little marl, and which are more dis- tinct further north-east- ward (in Bedfordshire), where they are each about 3 feet thick. One bed is always here present, but I did not always see the two. This stone mostly yields fossils, amongst which Ammonites vai'ians and an Inoceramus are abundant, and small, hard,dark-brown nodules, most likely coprolitic : it is harder and darker than common chalk, and con- tains many small dark grains ; and was once largely quarried, for build- ing, at Totternhoe, where there are plentiful traces of the workings. Most of the old churches of the neighbourhood were built in great part of this pe- rishable stone, but I be- lieve that its use has been long discontinued. Details of the occur- rence of this bed will be given in the ' Gcolo- 2 E 2

Geographic and stratigraphic relationships of the holotype EMK 0012 and the Loki Quarry in northern Montana. (A) Regional relationships between the cross-border paleontological sites in the Oldman and Judith River formations along the Milk River and in Kennedy Coulee in Alberta and Montana. (B) Generalized stratigraphic section in the Kennedy Coulee area modified after Goodwin & Deino (1989) and Rogers, Eberth & Ramezani (2023) with the relationships between the Foremost and Oldman formations in Canada and the Judith River Formation in Montana. Relative placements of important taxa in this area are indicated. Position of 40Ar/39Ar dates originally obtained by Goodwin & Deino (1989) are shown in relation to the new U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS date for KC061517-1 by Ramezani et al. (2022). Bentonite ash beds are only 5 to 7 cm thick so they are exaggerated for clarity. Scale bars delineated in map view are indicated kilometers and in meters stratigraphically.

Bifurculapes laqueatus trackway (positive hyporelief, i.e. casts on the bottom surface of the bed) from the Early Jurassic East Berlin Formation (Hartford Basin) of Holyoke, Massachusetts (not the same specimen as this one). See coin (1 U.S. cent, 19.05 mm in diameter) for scale.

Bifurculapes laqueatus trackway (positive hyporelief, i.e. casts on the bottom surface of the bed) from the Early Jurassic East Berlin Formation (Hartford Basin) of Holyoke, Massachusetts (not the same specimen as this one). See coin (1 U.S. cent, 19.05 mm in diameter) for scale.

A trackway of the trace fossil Bifurculapes laqueatus (positive hyporelief, i.e. casts on the bottom surface of the bed) from the Early Jurassic East Berlin Formation (Hartford Basin) of Holyoke, Massachusetts (not the same specimen as this one). Scale is in cm.

Image of field locality of Avimimus bonebed, showing regional sedimentological structures. Note people bottom right for scale.

Figure 2: Fossil vertebrate locality of Eric the Red West. Shore platform looking west, showing undulating erosive boundary (solid white line) between the top of the Anchor Sandstone (AS) and the base of the ETRW Sandstone (ES). White dashed lines indicate selected bedding surfaces. White scale in mid-ground (indicated by arrow) equals 1 m.