spécimen

Germanodactylus cristatus specimen SMNK PAL 6592. Germanodactylidae; Upper Jurassic, Eichstätt, Germany; Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Germany.

Holotype specimen (NHMUK PV R1822) of the coloborhynchine anhanguerid Coloborhynchus.

Foraminacephale brevis (formerly Stegoceras and Prenocephale) type specimen CMN 1423.

Fossil specimen BSP 1935.I.24 (Ctenochasma elegans), an extinct pterosaur

Figure 24: Reconstruction of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri. (A) Skeletal reconstruction with elements based on individuals of varied sizes, all scaled under the assumption that Kwanasaurus is proportioned similarly to Silesaurus. (B) Life reconstruction. Scale bars = 10 cm, given for probable largest specimen (DMNH EPV.34579) and one of the smallest specimens (DMNH EPV.63139).

Comparison of cranial features between closely related southern Laramidian taxa; (A), Akainacephalus johnsoni (UMNH VP 20202) from the Late Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of Utah; and (B), Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis (SMP VP-900) from the Late Cretaceous Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, in left lateral views. Various synapomorphies are shared with N. kirtlandensis (highlighted in black and white arrows) and includes “flaring nostrils”; enlarged, laterally projecting, loreal osteoderms that are situated directly dorsal to the external nares. Other synapomorphies include pyramid-shaped nasal and frontal osteoderms positioned on the dorsal regions of the skull. A number of significant differences have been observed between both specimens; in A. johnsoni, the anterior, and posterior supraorbital bosses form an enlarged element that is somewhat backswept, whereas in N. kirtlandensis, the posterior and anterior supraorbital bosses are clearly defined as individual osteoderms, and are much smaller in size. Additionally, the squamosal horn in Akainacephalus is very small but is prominent and tetrahedrally shaped in Nodocephalosaurus. The quadratojugal horn in Akainacephalus is massive, has a subtriangular morphology in lateral view and projects almost entirely ventral, whereas in Nodocephalosaurus, the quadratojugal horn is smaller and has a typical fin-shaped morphology. Study sites: asob, anterior supraorbital boss; ext naris, external naris; laca, lacrimal caputegulum; loca, loreal caputegulum; naca, nasal caputegulae; orb, orbit; psob, posterior supraorbital boss; qjh, quadratojugal horn; sqh, squamosal horn.

Tooth of cf. Zapsalis, with close up of denticles. Specimen UALVP 49582 from the Milk River Formation.

Skull cast of Anchiceratops ornatus (original specimen: TMP 1983.001.0001) on display at the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History.

MSNVE 3714, Ouranosaurus nigeriensis. The mounted specimen as exhibited today at the MSNVE. For scale, the right femur is 920 mm long.

Chaohusaurus specimen AGM CHS-5, a nearly complete skeleton that is almost as large as AGM I-1. Large scale bars are 10 cm, and short bars 2 cm.

Chaohusaurus specimen AGM CHS-5, a nearly complete skeleton that is almost as large as AGM I-1. Large scale bars are 10 cm, and short bars 2 cm.

Pterodactylus compressirostris, holotype NHMUK PV 39410 (Cenomanian / Turonian, Chalk Formation). A–D proposed lectotype, fragment of the mandibular symphysis A left lateral view B respective line drawing C dorsal view D respective line drawing. E–H referred specimen, portion of the rostrum E left lateral view F respective line drawing G ventral view H respective line drawing. Abbreviations: ch – choanae, d – dentary, m – maxillae, naof – nasoantorbital fenestra, pl – palatine, pm – premaxillae, prid – palatal ridge, sul– sulcus. Arrows indicate alveoli or teeth. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.

Pterodactylus compressirostris, holotype NHMUK PV 39410 (Cenomanian / Turonian, Chalk Formation). A–D proposed lectotype, fragment of the mandibular symphysis A left lateral view B respective line drawing C dorsal view D respective line drawing. E–H referred specimen, portion of the rostrum E left lateral view F respective line drawing G ventral view H respective line drawing. Abbreviations: ch – choanae, d – dentary, m – maxillae, naof – nasoantorbital fenestra, pl – palatine, pm – premaxillae, prid – palatal ridge, sul– sulcus. Arrows indicate alveoli or teeth. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.

Right dentary of Zalmoxes shqiperorum holotype NHMUK R4900in dorsal and lateral views, from the Sinpetru Formation of Sânpetru (Romania; outline based on the specimen UBB NVZ1-1).

Polycotylus latipinnis specimen (LACM 129639) containing a fetus on display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

Fossil specimen, CM 11422, of Nyctosaurus gracilis