Mongolia

Reconstrucuon of Bagaraatan ostromi gen. et sp. n. from the ?mid-Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation of Nemegt, Mongolia.

Caudal vertebrae in Begaraaten ostromi gen. et sp. n. from the ?mid-Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation at Nemegt, Mongolia. A-E. Preserved caudals lst-l3th (A-C) and 1Sth-20th (D, E) in lateral view. F. Anterlor view of 1st preserved caudal with articulated part of spine of preceding caudal. G. Anterior view of I I th preser-ved caudal. Scale bar 2 crn.

Illustration of a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex. Most of this restoration is mostly inspired from the models of 1-year old Tyrannosaurus from the exhibition "T.rex: The Ultimate Predator" at American Museum of Natural History, New York (2019-2021).[1] [2] and the juvenile Tarbosaurus MPC-D 107/7 (2-3 years old at death).[3] References ↑ [1] ↑ [2] ↑ Tsuihiji T et.al (2011). "Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31(3): p. 497-517

Diagram featuring the holotype (BNMNH-PV030) skull of the troodontid Papiliovenator neimengguensis, from the Bayan Mandahu Formation. Abbreviations: a, angular; d, dentary; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; q, quadrate; s, surangular; sp, splenial.[1] References ↑ (2022). "A new troodontid from the Upper Cretaceous Gobi Basin of inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research 130: Article 105052. DOI:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105052.

Plate 53. Borogovia gracilicrus gen. et sp. n. 1. Fragmentary right pes, in: a dorsal, b ventral, views; ZPAL MgD-11174, holotype, X 0.5. 2. Phalanx 11-1 of the left pes, medial view; same specimen, X 1. 3. Ungual of left second pedal digit, ventral view; same specimen, X 1. 4. Phalanx 111-3 of the left pes, lateral view; same specimen, X 1. 5. Phalanges IV-1 to IV-4 of the left pes, lateral view; same specimen, X 1. 6. Distal portion of right metatarsal 111, posterior view; same specimen, X 1. 7. Distal portion of left metatarsal IV, medial view; same specimen, X 1. 8. Distal portion of left metatarsal 11, lateral view; same specimen, X 1. 9. Right tibiotarsus, a distal portion and b proximal portion with fragment of the fibula attached, posterior views, c distal portion, anterior view, d distal portion, lateral view; same specimen, X 0.5. Nemegt Formation, ?Late Campanian or ?Early Maastrichtian, Ultan Ula IV, Nemegt Basin, Gobi Desert, Mongolia

Forearm and hand of Machairasaurus leptorhynchos Longrich et al. 2010 (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Oviraptoridae: Ingeniinae) from the Late Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation beds of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, China. Digital photography and editing by Nick Longrich

Ceratonykus oculatus, Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Digital.

Mandible in Bagaraatan ostromi gen. et sp. n. from the mid-Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation at Nemegt, Mongolia. A-B. Reconstruction on left mandible in lateral and medial views. Left dentary in dorsal view. D-E. Posterior part of left mandible in dorsal and posterior views. F. Cross-section through dentary at the end of preserved fragment.

Reconstruction of the holotype skull (PIN 3906/2) of the Late Cretaceous sauropod Quaesitosaurus orientalis. Based on Kurzanov & Bannikov 1983,[1] missing elements restored after Nemegtosaurus.[2] Color Key   Preserved   Missing References ↑ (1983). "A new sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". Paleontological Journal 2: 90−96. ↑ (2005). "Redescription of the mongolian sauropod Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis nowinski (dinosauria: Saurischia) and comments on late cretaceous sauropod diversity". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3 (3): 283−318. DOI:10.1017/S1477201905001628.

Palaeogeographic distribution of late Early and early Late Cretaceous pterosaur assemblages. Taxonomic composition of assemblages shown on Fig. 1. Palaeogeography based on Smith et al. 1994. Abbreviations: 1. Cambridge Greensand, England: 2. Lower Chalk, England: 3. Züümbayan Svita, Khuren-Dukh, Mongolia: 4. Lysaya Gora, Saratov, Russia: 5. Kem Kem red beds, Morocco: 6. Paw Paw Formation, Texas, USA: 7. Lagarcito Formation, San Luis, Argentina: 8. Santana and Crato Formations, Ceara, Brazil: 9. Toolebuc Formation, Queensland, Australia.

World map showing Late Cretaceous metatherian locales. Europe 1. Font-de-Benon quarry, Archingeay-Les Nouillers (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous), Charente-Maritime, southwestern France (Vullo et al. 2009) 2. Valkenburg Member, Maastricht Formation (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous), southern Limburg, The Netherlands (Martin et al. 2005) Asia 3. Yixian Formation, China (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) 4. Bissekty Formation, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 5. Darbasa Formation, southern Kazakhstan (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 6. Grey Mesa locality (Averianov 1997) 7. Barun Goyot Formation, Umuni Gobi, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 8. Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia (Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 9. Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) North America Alaska 9. Prince Creek Formation, Alaska (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada 10. Milk River Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 11. Oldman Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 12. Dinosaur Park Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 13. Horseshoe Canyon Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 14. St. Mary River Formation, Alberta and northwestern Montana (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 15. Scollard Formation, Alberta (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 16. Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Montana and North Dakota 17. Judith River Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 18. Two Medicine Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 19. Hell Creek Formation, Montana and North Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) South Dakota 20. Fox Hills Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 21. Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Wyoming 22. “Mesa Verde Formation” (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 23. Lance Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 24. Ferris Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Utah 25. Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian-Cenomanian) 26. Dakota Formation fauna (late Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) 27. Smoky Hollow Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 28. John Henry Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Coniacian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 29. Wahweap Formation (early-middle Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 30. Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 31. Iron Springs Formation fauna, southern Utah (Turonian – Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 32. North Horn Formation, Utah (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Colorado 33. Williams Fork Formation, Colorado (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian) 34. Laramie Formation, northeastern Colorado (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Baja California Del Norte, Mexico 35. El Gallo Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) (Clemens 1980; Lillegraven 1972; Lillegraven 1976) New Mexico 36. Fruitland and lower Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 37. Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation, New Mexico (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Oklahoma 38. Antlers Formation, Texas and Oklahoma (Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous) Texas 39. Aguja Formation, West Texas (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) New Jersey 40. Marshalltown Formation, New Jersey (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) Szalay 1994)

World map showing Late Cretaceous metatherian locales. Europe 1. Font-de-Benon quarry, Archingeay-Les Nouillers (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous), Charente-Maritime, southwestern France (Vullo et al. 2009) 2. Valkenburg Member, Maastricht Formation (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous), southern Limburg, The Netherlands (Martin et al. 2005) Asia 3. Yixian Formation, China (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) 4. Bissekty Formation, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 5. Darbasa Formation, southern Kazakhstan (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 6. Grey Mesa locality (Averianov 1997) 7. Barun Goyot Formation, Umuni Gobi, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 8. Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia (Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 9. Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) North America Alaska 9. Prince Creek Formation, Alaska (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada 10. Milk River Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 11. Oldman Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 12. Dinosaur Park Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 13. Horseshoe Canyon Formation, southern Alberta, Canada (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 14. St. Mary River Formation, Alberta and northwestern Montana (early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 15. Scollard Formation, Alberta (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 16. Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Montana and North Dakota 17. Judith River Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 18. Two Medicine Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 19. Hell Creek Formation, Montana and North Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) South Dakota 20. Fox Hills Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 21. Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Wyoming 22. “Mesa Verde Formation” (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 23. Lance Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) 24. Ferris Formation, Wyoming (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Utah 25. Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian-Cenomanian) 26. Dakota Formation fauna (late Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) 27. Smoky Hollow Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Turonian, Late Cretaceous) 28. John Henry Member, Straight Cliffs Formation (Coniacian-Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 29. Wahweap Formation (early-middle Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 30. Kaiparowits Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 31. Iron Springs Formation fauna, southern Utah (Turonian – Santonian, Late Cretaceous) 32. North Horn Formation, Utah (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Colorado 33. Williams Fork Formation, Colorado (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian) 34. Laramie Formation, northeastern Colorado (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Baja California Del Norte, Mexico 35. El Gallo Formation (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) (Clemens 1980; Lillegraven 1972; Lillegraven 1976) New Mexico 36. Fruitland and lower Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) 37. Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation, New Mexico (late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous) Oklahoma 38. Antlers Formation, Texas and Oklahoma (Aptian-Albian, Early Cretaceous) Texas 39. Aguja Formation, West Texas (late Campanian, Late Cretaceous) New Jersey 40. Marshalltown Formation, New Jersey (Campanian, Late Cretaceous) Szalay 1994)

Map of Cretaceous-aged dinosaur fossil localities of Mongolia. Gobihadros mongoliensis was collected from Bayshin Tsav in Area C. Open squares indicate Late Cretaceous sites, solid squares represent Early Cretaceous localities. Abbreviations: A, Localities of Western Gobi Desert in Mongolia, mainly group of localities of Nemegtian age (early Maastrichtian), Late Cretaceous; B, Localities of Central Gobi Desert in Mongolia, mainly Djadokhtian age (Campanian), Late Cretaceous; C & D- Localities of Eastern Gobi Desert in Mongolia, mainly Baynshirenian age (Cenomanian-Santonian), Late Cretaceous. Figure has been modified from Tsogtbaatar et al. 2014, Figure 1 [24].

Barsboldia sicinskii gen. et sp.n., type specimen ZPAL MgD-11110, Nemegt Formation, N Nemegt, Nemegt Basin, Gobi Desert, Mongolia 1. Right lateral view of sacrum, neural spine of last dorsal and two anterior caudals included.

Title: The dinosaur book : the ruling reptiles and their relatives Identifier: bookruli00colb (find matches) Year: 1951 (1950s) Authors: Colbert, Edwin H. (Edwin Harris), 1905-2001; Knight, Charles Robert, 1874-1953; American Museum of Natural History Subjects: Dinosaurs; Reptiles, Fossil Publisher: New York : Published for the American Museum of Natural History by McGraw-Hill Contributing Library: American Museum of Natural History Library Digitizing Sponsor: IMLS / LSTA / METRO View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: ' Text Appearing After Image: bone A typical example of the parts usually found fossilized: portions of the skeleton of a small dinosaur from Mongolia A.M.N.H. photographs One of the rarest fossils: a dino- saur egg over 60 million years old, compared with a hen's egg (left) and an alligator egg (right) Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

Title: The dinosaur book : the ruling reptiles and their relatives Identifier: bookruli00colb (find matches) Year: 1951 (1950s) Authors: Colbert, Edwin H. (Edwin Harris), 1905-2001; Knight, Charles Robert, 1874-1953; American Museum of Natural History Subjects: Dinosaurs; Reptiles, Fossil Publisher: New York : Published for the American Museum of Natural History by McGraw-Hill Contributing Library: American Museum of Natural History Library Digitizing Sponsor: IMLS / LSTA / METRO View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: ' Text Appearing After Image: bone A typical example of the parts usually found fossilized: portions of the skeleton of a small dinosaur from Mongolia A.M.N.H. photographs One of the rarest fossils: a dino- saur egg over 60 million years old, compared with a hen's egg (left) and an alligator egg (right) Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.