holotype

Carniadactylus rosenfeldi holotype.

The holotype of the pterosaur Lacusovagus

Australian Mesozoic pterosaurs. A, Aussiedraco molnari (QM F10613; holotype) mandible in dorsal view. Scale = 1 cm. B, Mythunga camara (QM F18896; holotype) partial skull and mandible in left lateral view. Scale = 5 cm. C, Thapunngaka shawi (KK F494; holotype) mandible in left lateral view. Scale = 5 cm. D, Ferrodraco lentoni (AODF 0876; holotype [part]) partial skull and mandible in left lateral view. Scale = 5 cm.

Becklespinax altispinax holotype BMNH R1828 (originally assigned to Megalosaurus bucklandii). Owen's description follows: Three anterior dorsal vertebræ : p, parapophysis, or lower transverse process: t, accessory tubercle contributing some attachment to the head of the rib : d, diapophyses, or upper transverse process, fractured, which gave attachment to the tubercle of the rib: b, oblique buttress extending from the parapophysis to the diapophysis, and contributing to the support of the neural platform : z, the prozygapophysis, z', the zygapophysis, forming the ends of the neural platform and articulating the neural arches of the vertebræ with each other, ns, the neural spine of the foremost of these vertebras, ns', the neural spine of the second vertebra; it expands at its extremity, overhangs the anterior shorter spine, and developes a strong bony plate from its back part which fixes it to n", the similarly developed and modified spine of the third vertebra. The extraordinary size and strength of the spines of these anterior dorsal vertebræ, indicate the great force with which the head and jaws of the Megalosaurus must have been used. From the Wealden, near Battle. In the Museum of Samuel H. Beckles, Esq., F.G.S.

Becklespinax altispinax holotype BMNH R1828 (originally assigned to Megalosaurus bucklandii). Owen's description follows: Three anterior dorsal vertebræ : p, parapophysis, or lower transverse process: t, accessory tubercle contributing some attachment to the head of the rib : d, diapophyses, or upper transverse process, fractured, which gave attachment to the tubercle of the rib: b, oblique buttress extending from the parapophysis to the diapophysis, and contributing to the support of the neural platform : z, the prozygapophysis, z', the zygapophysis, forming the ends of the neural platform and articulating the neural arches of the vertebræ with each other, ns, the neural spine of the foremost of these vertebras, ns', the neural spine of the second vertebra; it expands at its extremity, overhangs the anterior shorter spine, and developes a strong bony plate from its back part which fixes it to n", the similarly developed and modified spine of the third vertebra. The extraordinary size and strength of the spines of these anterior dorsal vertebræ, indicate the great force with which the head and jaws of the Megalosaurus must have been used. From the Wealden, near Battle. In the Museum of Samuel H. Beckles, Esq., F.G.S.

Holotype fossil specimen SMNS 12591 of Procompsognathus

Holotype fossil specimen SMNS 12591 of Procompsognathus

Bones referred to Ibirania parva, A. Middle caudal vertebra (MPMA 08-0060-07) referred to I. parva. B. Views of partial right ulna (LPP-PV-0202) of the I. parva holotype. According to Navarro et al. (2022).

Restoration of the Chinese theropod "Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis" as a generalized spinosaurid. Silhouette of the holotype tooth is visible.

Representative taxa from the early Campanian Muthmannsdorf fauna from the Grünbach Formation, eastern Austria. A Doratodon carcharidens (Mesoeucrocodylia) mandible (PIUW 2349/57) in dorsal view (photo by Márton Rabi) B Indeterminate azhdarchid (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae), left humerus (PIUW 2349/102) in anterior view C ‘Megalosaurus pannoniensis’ basal tetanuran (Theropoda, Tetanurae), tooth (PIUW uncatalogued) in lateral view D Mochlodon suessi (Ornithopoda, Rhabdodontidae), right dentary (holotype, PIUW 2349/2) in medial view. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A, B and D and 1 cm in C.

Dentaries of selected European rhabdodontomorphs in dorsal and lateral views. (A) Obelignathus septimanicus, holotype MDE D30, right dentary from the 'Grès à Reptiles' Formation, Montouliers (France); (B) Mochlodon vorosi holotype MTM V 2010.105.1, left dentary from the Csehbánya Formation, Iharkút (Hungary; mirrored); (C) Mochlodon suessi, lectotype PIUW 2349/2, right dentary from the Grünbach Formation, Muthmannsdorf (Austria); (D) Zalmoxes robustus holotype NHMUK R3392, right dentary from the Sinpetru Formation, Sânpetru (Romania); (E) Rhabdodon priscus, lectotype MPLM 30, left dentary from the Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation, la Nerthe (France; mirrored drawing after Matheron; outline based on specimens MPLM 30 and MPLM 31, size estimation based on Matheron and Brinkman); (F) Zalmoxes shqiperorum holotype NHMUK R4900, right dentary from the Sinpetru Formation of Sânpetru (Romania; outline based on the specimen UBB NVZ1-1).

Representative taxa from the Santonian Iharkút fauna from the Csehbánya Formation, Bakony Mountains, western Hungary. A Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus (Squamata, Mosasauroidea), dorsal vertebra (MTM uncatalogued) in dorsal view (photo by Réka Kalmár) B Foxemys trabanti (Pleurodira, Bothremydidae), skull (MTM V 2010.215.1.) in dorsal view (photo by Márton Rabi). C Bicuspidon aff. hatzegiensis (Squamata, Borioteiioidea), left dentary (MTM 2006.112.1.) in medial view (photo by László Makádi) D Basal tetanuran (Theropoda, Tetanurae), tooth (MTM V.01.54) in ?lingual view E Indeterminate abelisaurid (Theropoda, Abelisauridae), pedal ungual phalanx (MTM V 2008.43.1.) in lateral view F Pneumatoraptor fodori (Theropoda, Paraves), left scapulocoracoid (holotype, MTM V 2008.38.1.) in lateral view G Mochlodon vorosi (Ornithopoda, Rhabdodontidae), left dentary (holotype, MTM V 2010.105.1) in lateral view H Bakonydraco galaczi (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae), mandible (holotype, MTM 2007.110.1) in dorsal view I Iharkutosuchus makadii (Eusuchia, Hylaeochampsidae), skull (holotype, MTM 2006.52.1) in dorsal view J Hungarosaurus tormai (Ankylosauria, Nodosauridae), right dentary (MTM 2007.25.2) in lateral view K Bauxitornis mindszentyae (Aves, Enantiornithes), left tarsometatarsus (holotype, MTM V 2009.38.1) in anterior view L Ajkaceratops kozmai (Ceratopsia), fused rostral and premaxillae (holotype, MTM V 2009.192.1) in lateral view. Scale bars: 2 cm in A, V, G, H, I, J; 1 cm in D, E, F, K, L; 1 mm in C.

Locality map for Australian eurypodan thyreophoran fossils. 1, Stegosaurian? footprint (QM F5701), Walloon Coal Measures, Balgowan Colliery, Balgowan (Bajocian–Bathonian); 2, Minmi paravertebra holotype (QM F10329) (Molnar, 1980), Minmi Member, Bungil Formation (Valanginian–Barremian); 3, Thyreophoran trackways, Broome Sandstone, Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia (Valanginian–Barremian); 4, Ankylosauria indet. (see Barrett et al., 2010) ‘Flat Rocks’ Wonthaggi Formation (upper Hauterivian–Albian); 5, NMV P216739, ‘Lake Copco–Dinosaur Cove’ Eumeralla Formation (middle upper Aptian to lower middle Albian) (Barrett et al., 2010); 6, QM F33286; 7, AM F119849 and AM F35259; 8, Kunbarrasaurus ieversi gen. et sp. nov. (formerly Minmi sp.) (QM F18101); 9, QM F33565 and QM F33566; 10, QM F44324-28. Legend: Dark Green, Toolebuc Formation (late middle–early late Albian); Green, Allaru Formation (upper Albian–(?)lower Cenomanian); Light green, Mackunda Formation (upper Albian–lower Cenomanian); Lightest green, Winton Formation (late Albian–early Turonian).

Geographic and stratigraphic relationships of the holotype EMK 0012 and the Loki Quarry in northern Montana. (A) Regional relationships between the cross-border paleontological sites in the Oldman and Judith River formations along the Milk River and in Kennedy Coulee in Alberta and Montana. (B) Generalized stratigraphic section in the Kennedy Coulee area modified after Goodwin & Deino (1989) and Rogers, Eberth & Ramezani (2023) with the relationships between the Foremost and Oldman formations in Canada and the Judith River Formation in Montana. Relative placements of important taxa in this area are indicated. Position of 40Ar/39Ar dates originally obtained by Goodwin & Deino (1989) are shown in relation to the new U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS date for KC061517-1 by Ramezani et al. (2022). Bentonite ash beds are only 5 to 7 cm thick so they are exaggerated for clarity. Scale bars delineated in map view are indicated kilometers and in meters stratigraphically.

Locality map: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Map showing locality (indicated by star) of Nasutoceratops titusi holotype UMNH VP 16800, recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). GSENM is bounded by the red rectangle and silhouetted in dark gray on the inset of Utah and surrounding states (modified from [1]). The original map has been modified to show Nasutoceratops instead of Machairoceratops as in the original source. New location based on map in Ceratopsid Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase of Southern Utah, page 489.

Locality map: Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. Map showing locality (indicated by star) of Kosmoceratops richardsoni holotype UMNH VP 17000 and assigned subadult UMNH VP 16878, recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). GSENM is bounded by the red rectangle and silhouetted in dark gray on the inset of Utah and surrounding states (modified from [1]). The original map has been modified to show Kosmoceratops instead of Machairoceratops as in the original source. New location based on map in Ceratopsid Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase of Southern Utah, page 489.