holotype

Holotype of Argentinonectes calafatensis (MPM-PV 1002) housed in Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales

Shetwemys, Shell remains of the podocnemidid turtle S. fajumensis (Erymnochelyini). (a–c) SMNS 11233/2, partial carapace, in dorsal (a), ventral (b), and left lateral (c) views. (d) Ventral view of the anterior lobe the holotype of the species, currently lost, based on the fig. 2C in plate 8 of Andrews (1903). (e–g) SMNS 12647, plastron, in ventral (e), dorsal (f), and left lateral (g) views. (g’) corresponds to an enlarged photograph of the posterior plastral lobe, in left lateral view, in which the thickness in the regions close to the hypo-xiphiplastral suture (in blue), between the pelvic scars (in green), and at the level of the anal notch (in red), have been represented by arrows (h–i), SMNS 12646, plastron, in ventral (h) and dorsal (i) views. Gebel Quatrani Formation, Fayum depression, Egypt, Lower Oligocene (Rupelian)

Close up of the Eulithomyrmex rugosus holotype head. Museum of Comparative Zoology specimen UCM17019. Priabonian; Florissant Formation, Colorado, USA

The Holotype batomorph tooth of Antiquaobatis grimmenensis from the Late Pliensbachian (spinatum) of Grimmen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany).

New species of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum micropalaeontology collection, Ophthalmidium dracomaris n. sp. (1) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74496); (2–5) paratypes (NHMUK PM PF 74497–74500). (8–9) Eobigenerina calloviensis n. sp.: (8) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74504); (9) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74505). (10–12) Trochammina fordonensis n. sp.: (10) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74501); (11–12) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74502–74503). (13–15) Arenoturrispirillina swiecickii n. sp.: (13) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74506); (14–15) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74507 + NHMUK PM PF 74552). (16–17) Ataxophragmium mariae n. sp.: (16) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74553); (17) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74554).

Eekaulostomus cuevasae gen. and sp. nov. from the Danian marine deposits of the Belisario Domínguez quarry, near Palenque, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico. 1, General view of IGM 4716, holotype and single specimen known. 2, Idealized line drawing of the same specimen.

Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. Stereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm.

Holotype skull of the centrosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur Diabloceratops eatoni from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of the Wahweap Formation, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photograph by Nick Longrich, 2023.

Arisierpeton simplex, holotype specimen premaxilla

Holotype of Jian changmaensis (GSGM-D050), an articulated partial left pectoral girdle (scapulocoracoid) and forelimb (humerus, radius, and ulna). A, silhouette of generalized microraptorine dromaeosaurid theropod (courtesy Scott Hartman) showing skeletal elements preserved; B, photograph of specimen as preserved, exposed primarily in dorsomedial (scapulocoracoid), caudodorsal (humerus), and dorsal (radius and ulna) views; C, interpretive line drawing of B; D, detail photograph of scapulocoracoid and proximal end of humerus in caudodorsal view, showing supracoracoid fenestra and other structures; E, interpretive line drawing of D. Abbreviations: ac, acromion; bc, bicipital crest; C, coracoid; cr, caudal ridge; dep, dorsal epicondyle; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dr, dorsal ridge; ed, epicondylar depression; fs?, fossa for M. supinator?; H, humerus; hh, humeral head; lp, lateral process; ‘mb’, ‘medial bar’; op, olecranon process; R, radius; S, scapula; scb, scapular blade; scf, supracoracoid fenestra; sta, sternal articulation; U, ulna.

The holotype and only known specimen of the hauffiopterygian leptonectid, Xiphodracon goldencapensis (ROM VP52596) from Golden Cap, between Charmouth and Seatown, Dorset, UK. The skeleton is exposed in ventrolateral view. The skull has been fully prepared free of matrix whereas most of the skeleton is still in matrix. The left (upper) forefin has been prepared so that it is three-dimensionally preserved and projects upwards. Scale bar represents 20 cm.

Holotype of Alcione elainus. Fig. 6 of: Longrich, N. R., Martill, D. M., & Andres, B. (2018). Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS biology, 16(3), e2001663. --- Original figure legend: A. elainus FSAC-OB 2, holotype partial skeleton and FSAC-OB 217, metacarpal IV. (A) Holotype right humerus in anterior view, (B) holotype right ulna and radius in anterior view, respectively, (C) holotype sternum in left lateral view, (D) referred metacarpal IV, (E) holotype, distal end of left metacarpal IV and left scapulocoracoid, and (F) holotype right femur in posterior view. Abbreviations: co, coracoid; cr, cristospine; dc, distal condyle; dpc, deltopectoral crest; ect, ectepicondyle; fh, femoral head; gl, glenoid; gt, greater trochanter; hh, humeral head; hum, humerus; mcIV, metacarpal IV, pc, proximal cotyle; pf, pneumatic foramen; rad, radius; scpr, supracondylar process; ste, sternum; uln, ulna.

Various fossils pertaining to the holotype of the Triassic ichthyosaur Toretocnemus (originally Leptocheirus, also Merriamia) zitteli. This image is derived from plate 23 in Merriam (1903), done by an uncredited artist. The arrangement of the individual figures has been modified from the original (most notably, figures 3 and 4 were swapped to minimize confusion). Original description: Leptocheirus zitteli n. gen. and sp. Figures reproduced natural size from the type specimen. Fig. 1.— Right side of skull. Fig. 2. — Cross-section of posterior portion of the lower jaw, taken above the point marked A on the lateral view of the skull. Fig. 3. — Cross-section of the upper and lower jaws, taken at the break immediately behind the point marked Sp on the lateral view of the skull. Fig. 4. — Lateral view of an anterior caudal centrum. Legend (modified from original): Ar - articular A - angular D - dentary J - jugal L - lacrimal Mx - maxilla Po - postorbital Sa - surangular Se - sclerotic ring Sp - spenial T - cross-section of tooth X - doubtful element

The shoulder girdle of the holotype of the Triassic ichthyosaur Toretocnemus (originally Leptocheirus, also Merriamia) zitteli. This image is derived from plate 21 in Merriam (1903), done by an uncredited artist. The arrangement of the individual figures has been slightly modified from the original. Original description: Leptocheirus zitteli n. gen. and sp. Figures reproduced natural size from the type specimen. Fig. 1.—Clavicles (cl) and probable interelavicle (Ic and Ic')- The interclavicle has been separated into two fragments by a crack in the matrix. Fig. 2.—Inner side of the coracoids and the left scapula.

Forelimb and partial hindlimb of the holotype of the Triassic ichthyosaur Toretocnemus (originally Leptocheirus, also Merriamia) zitteli. This image is derived from plate 22 in Merriam (1903), done by an uncredited artist. Original description: Leptocheirus zitteli n. gen. and sp. Figures reproduced natural size from the type specimen. Fig. 1. — Superior side of left anterior limb. r, radius. Fig. 2. — Posterior limb. t, tibia.

Tanycolagreus fossil holotype TPII 2000-09-29, North American Museum of Ancient Life.