holotype

Menefeeceratops sealeyi holotype squamosal

Holotype specimen (CRILAR-Pv 151) of Huayracursor jaguensis, a long-necked dinosaur that lived approximately 230 million years ago, placed in approximate anatomical articulation.

Quarry map showing the spatial distribution of the holotype of Uragasaurus kalasinensis and associated materials from the Phu Noi Locality (g). PRC 460 (Uragasaurus kalasinensis holotype) is indicated in red. Associated sauropod elements include KS 34-586, KS 34-587, KS 34-588, and KS 34-602a–b, highlighted in yellow, green, blue, purple, and pink, respectively. The inset shows a close-up of the excavation grid highlighting the relative positions of the holotype and nearby associated materials. Each grid square represents 0.75 × 0.75 m.

The holotype anterior dorsal vertebra of Uragasaurus kalasinensis (PRC 460) in anterior (a) and posterior (b) views. Digital rendering of the specimen in anterior (c), posterior (d), right lateral (e), left lateral (f), dorsal (g), and ventral (h) views. Asterisk refers to an autapomorphic character. The blue highlight indicates the pneumatic fossa and pleurocoel.

Yangtzepus yipingensis holotype (IVPP V2473) at the Paleozoological Museum of China.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the skeleton of Amanasaurus nesbitti gen. et sp. nov. depicting (in orange) the preserved portions. (a) CAPPA/UFSM 0374 (holotype), a proximal portion of a right femur in anterior view. (b) CAPPA/UFSM 0375 (referred specimen), a distal portion of a left femur in anterior view. Figures were generated with GIMP 2.8 (https://www.gimp.org/). Cropped from original image and letters adjusted to match.

Holotype and referred specimen of Amanasaurus nesbitti gen. et sp. nov. from the Candelária Sequence (mid-to-late Carnian) of the Santa Maria Supersequence, southern Brazil. Holotype (CAPPA/UFSM 0374) in anterior (a), lateral (b), proximal (c), medial (d), and posterior (e) views. Referred specimen (CAPPA/UFSM 0375) in anterior (f), lateral (g), posterior (h), and distal (i) views. alt anterolateral tuber, amt anteromedial tuber, at anterior trochanter, cl cleft, ctfb crista tibiofibularis, dlt dorsolateral trochanter, dltp posterior portion of the dorsolateral trochanter, fo foramen, fot fossa trochanterica, gt greater trochanter, lc lateral condyle, lia linea intermuscularis cranialis, mc medial condyle, ms muscle scar, no notch, pg proximal groove, pof popliteal fossa, scs sub-circular scar. Figures were generated with GIMP 2.8 (https://www.gimp.org/).

Cast of Datanglong guangxiensis holotype at the National Natural History Museum of China.

Skeletal reconstruction of Heyuannia yanshini (previously Ajancingenia yanshini). Specimens as: blue: MPC-D 100/30 (holotype); green: MPC-D 100/31; red: MPC-D 100/32; tan: MPC-D 100/20 (holotype skull of Conchoraptor gracilis).

B) The holotype of Lamprosauroides goepperti, a right maxilla (MGU Wr 3871s) from Krappitz in Upper Silesia, in lateral view. C) Close-up of the two posteriormost preserved teeth (6th and 7th counted from anterior) of MGU Wr 3871s. D) Close-up of the enlarged fang (3rd counted from anterior) of MGU Wr 3871s. E) A left maxilla (GPIT-PV-31630) in lateral view referable to Lamprosauroides goepperti from Gogolin in Upper Silesia. The image of GPIT-PV-31630 was kindly provided by Agnes Fatz (GPIT) and has been mirrored for direct comparison with the holotype.

Silhouette of M.intrepidus showing recovered elements. Isolated indet. tyrannosauroid premaxillary tooth (NCSM 33393) recovered from nearby strata in (d) occlusal, (e) mesiodistal, and (f) lingual views. Holotype specimen of M.intrepidus (NCSM 33392) composed of (g) femur, (h) tibia, (i) fourth metatarsal, (j) second metatarsal, and (k) pedal phalanges of the fourth digit. Scale bar (c) 1 m, (g–k) 5 mm. (d–f) Enlarged to show detail, not to scale

Life restoration of Amargatitanis based on the holotype specimen and the skeletal diagram of Amargasaurus by Scott Hartman.

Holotype of Argentinonectes calafatensis (MPM-PV 1002) housed in Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales

Fossil material of the Jormungandr holotype (Nicknamed Eustace)

Holotype of Alcione elainus. Fig. 6 of: Longrich, N. R., Martill, D. M., & Andres, B. (2018). Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS biology, 16(3), e2001663. --- Original figure legend: A. elainus FSAC-OB 2, holotype partial skeleton and FSAC-OB 217, metacarpal IV. (A) Holotype right humerus in anterior view, (B) holotype right ulna and radius in anterior view, respectively, (C) holotype sternum in left lateral view, (D) referred metacarpal IV, (E) holotype, distal end of left metacarpal IV and left scapulocoracoid, and (F) holotype right femur in posterior view. Abbreviations: co, coracoid; cr, cristospine; dc, distal condyle; dpc, deltopectoral crest; ect, ectepicondyle; fh, femoral head; gl, glenoid; gt, greater trochanter; hh, humeral head; hum, humerus; mcIV, metacarpal IV, pc, proximal cotyle; pf, pneumatic foramen; rad, radius; scpr, supracondylar process; ste, sternum; uln, ulna.

Istiorachis macarthurae holotype (MIWG 6643). The anterior-most seven caudal vertebrae in left lateral view with neural spines reconstructed. Abbreviations: Cd, caudal vertebra; SC, sacrocaudal. Scale bar represents 50 mm.