formation

Highly derived mosasaur from the Moreno Formation that could grow to large sized. Converges with basal ichthyosaurs in bauplan- and has tuna-like swimming motion.

Skeletal reconstructions of Dinosaur Park Formation caenagnathids. Skeletal reconstructions of Citipes elegans (left), Chirostenotes pergracilis (middle), and Caenagnathus collinsi (right), showing variation in skeletal representation and body size. Previously referred material is indicated in white and newly referred material is indicated in red for each taxon. Blue asterisks indicate elements that have been histologically sampled for each taxon. Citipes elegans: dentaries, metatarsal IV; Chirostenotes pergracilis: dentaries, tibia; Caenagnathus collinsi: pubis.

Tarsometatarsi of caenagnathids from the Upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation, Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. A. TMP 1993.036.0181 (Chirostenotes pergracilis). B. TMP 1982.016.0006 (Citipes elegans). C. ROM 781 (Citipes elegans holotype). D. TMP 1996.012.0141 (Citipes elegans). Tarsometatarsi in proximal (A1–D1), anterior (A2–D2), and posterior (A3–D3) views.

Original figure caption: Trackway S1 (Eosauropus sp.), here attributed to a sauropod trackmaker based on pedal synapomorphies; trackmaker is moving towards the south-west. Two consequtive pes impressions of a tridactyl Grallator [i.e. a theropod] trackway can be seen left to the S1 trackway. Note: The tracks are preserved on a bedding plane of a thin siltstone bed of the Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland. A) shows a photograph of the trackway(s) as preserved on the bedding plane (i.e. as concave epireliefs); B) shows a color shaded relief map based on a high-resolution photogrammetric 3D-model of the bedding plane; C) is an interpretative outline drawing of the S1 trackway; abbreviations: LM = left manus (i.e. forefoot), LP = left pes (i.e. hindfoot), RM = right manus, RP = right pes, numbers increase in walking direction.

Drawings of Dryolestida left upper−molar, modified from the original descriptions. A–C, Kimmeridgian; D–F, Tithonian–Berriasian; G–H, early Barremian; I, late Barremian. A. Left M4 or M5 of Comotherium richi Prothero, 1981, from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Como Bluff locality, Wyoming, USA. B. Right M5, reversed, of Dryolestes leiriensis Martin, 1999, from Guimarota, Portugal.C. Left M6 of Krebsotherium lusitanicum Martin, 1999, from Guimarota, Portugal. D. Right M4 or M 6 (reversed) of Portopinheirodon asymmetricus Martin, 1999, Porto Pinheiro, Lourinha, Portugal. E. Right M5 (reversed) of Laolestes andresi Martin, 1999, from Porto Pinheiro, Lourinha, Portugal. F. Right upper molar of Donodon perscriptoris Sigogneau−Russell, 1991, Anoual, Morocco.G. Left M4 orM5 of Crusafontia amoae sp. nov., holotype, Cuesta Corrales 2, El Castellar Formation, Galve, Teruel, Spain. H. Right M6 orM7 (reversed) of Crusafontia amoae sp. nov., first described as upper molar of Crusafontia cuencana by Krebs (1993), P−2 H4 Pelejón 2, Galve, Teruel, Spain. I. Left M2 or M3, of Crusafontia cuencana Henkel and Krebs, 1969, Uña, La Huérguina Formation, Cuenca, Spain, (from Krebs 1993). Scale bars 1 mm.

Holotype specimen TMP 2000.29.01 of the ophthalmosaurian ichthyosaur Athabascasaurus bitumineus from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation of Alberta, in Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada.

Fig 2. Chrono-, bio- and lithostratigraphic context of the Reuchenette Formation in the Ajoie district, Canton Jura, NW Switzerland (modified from [20,23,28,31]. Four track-bearing intervals, named lower, intermediate, and upper (dinosaur track) levels, and track levels 600 have been identified within the Courtedoux Member (Nerinean Limestones, sensu [32]). All studied material comes from the intermediate (levels 1000–1100) and upper (levels 1500–1650) dinosaur track levels, details shown on inset on the upper right.

Remake of the original picture of the Drzewica Formation. Terrestrial environment of the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary of Fennoscandinavia Inland environment of the Bornholm Coast, nearby the German realm of the Ciechocinek Formation. Includes Ciechocinek Formation (Lower Toarcian, Bones) and Drzwica Formation (Latest Pliensbachian, Footprints) Fauna Sorthat Formation environment, fluvial influenced mainland with Cheirolepidaceae and Bennetitales as dominant flora Dinosaurs are based on material found on various locations of Northern Germany, and Footprints of the underliying Drzewica Formation at the Holy Cross Mountains, connected with Bornholm at the time. Dinosaur Species appeared: Megalosauripus isp. Large Footprints (+65 cm) found on the Drzewica Formation. There is a dorsal vertebrae on the German Margin of the Ciechocinek Formation assigend to Megalosauria (Huene, 1966). Gravisauria spp. representing the Grimmen Sauropod reported on 2014, as a taxon related with Tazoudasaurus. Barapasaurus-like footprints are know from the Drzewica Formation. Coelophysoidea spp. based on coeval Anchisauripus tracks from the Holy Cross Mountains. Basal Ornithischan, related to Eocursor, based on a crouching trace (Gerard Dariusz Gierlinski, Martin G. Lockley, Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki:2009). Massospondylidae spp. based on Otozum-like tracks.

Left ilium of the camarasauromorph sauropod Brontomerus mcintoshi from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, type specimen OMNH 66430 in lateral view reconstructed from the three fragments (A), and ventral view (B).

Right hind limb of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Musankwa sanyatiensis gen. et sp. nov. (NHMZ 2521) from the Pebbly Arkose Formation (Norian, Upper Triassic) of Spurwing Island, Zimbabwe. A. Right femur in posterior (A1), lateral (A2), anterior (A3), medial (A4), proximal (A5), and distal (A6) views. B. Right tibia with conjoined astragalus in anterior (B1), lateral (B2), posterior (B3), medial (B4), and proximal (B5) views.

Lonchodraco giganteus comb. n. Lectotype NHMUK PV 39412 (Cenomanian / Turonian, Chalk Formation). A–F articulated anterior parts of the rostrum and mandible A right lateral view B respective line drawing C left lateral view D respective line drawing E anterior view F respective line drawing G associated scapulocoracoid in posterior view. Abbreviations: ch – choanae, cor – coracoid, d – dentary, dcr – dentary crest, m – maxillae, pl – palatine, pm – premaxillae, pmcr – premaxillaery crest, prid – palatal ridge, sca – scapula. Arrows indicate alveoli or teeth. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.

Obelignathus septimanicus holotype, MDE D30 from the 'Grès à Reptiles' Formation of Montouliers, southern France. Photographs and photogrammetric models of the right dentary in dorsal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), and lateral (D) views.

Barsboldia sicinskii gen. et sp.n., type specimen ZPAL MgD-11110, Nemegt Formation, N Nemegt, Nemegt Basin, Gobi Desert, Mongolia 1. Right lateral view of sacrum, neural spine of last dorsal and two anterior caudals included.

Partial skull of Manidens condorensis from the Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina. Skull reconstructions in lateral view. Dashed lines indicate estimated edges. Abbreviations: a angular antfo antorbital fossa asaf anterior surangular foramen be buccal emargination bo basioccipital bt basal tubera d dentary d1, 2, 11 dentary tooth 1, 2, 11 emfo external mandibular fossa f frontal gl glenoid gr groove j jugal jfl jugal flange jh jugal horn m maxilla m1, 11 maxillary tooth 1, 11 n nasal pd predentary pm premaxilla po postorbital pof postorbital fossa popr paroccipital process q quadrate qj quadratojugal ri ridge sa surangular sq squamosal.

A 6.4 meter (21ft) Eurhinosaurus species specimen from the Holzmaden Formation, Baden-Wurttenburg, Germany. ~185 million years old.

Cast of a Scaphognathus crassirostris, a kind of pterosaur. On display as part of the exhibit "Pterosaurs: Flight in the Age of Dinosaurs" at the Cleveland Natural History Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. This animal lived about 150 million years ago. This fossil was found in the Solnhofen formation in Germany. This is a cast; the fossil itself is held by the Institute of Geology and Paleontology at the University of Bonn.