formation

Diagram depicting the currently named Dinosauria from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Argentina. Dinosaur taxa: Aeolosaurus sp. → Salitral Moreno locality, Río Negro Province.[1] Length = 15 meters.[2] Austroraptor cabazai → Santa Rosa Basin locality, Río Negro Province.[3][4] Length = 6 meters.[2] Bonapartenykus ultimus → Salitral Ojo de Agua locality, Río Negro Province.[5] Length = 2.5 meters.[5] Bonapartesaurus rionegrensis → Salitral Moreno locality, Río Negro Province.[6] Length = ∼6 meters.[1] Bonatitan reigi → Salitral de Santa Rosa locality, Río Negro Province.[7] Length = Extrapolated after relatives. Kelumapusaura machi → Cerro Matadero locality, Río Negro Province.[8] 9 meters.[8] Lamarqueavis australis → Cerro Tortugas locality, Río Negro Province.[9] Length = ∼House sparrow-sized.[9] Lapampasaurus cholinoi → Islas Malvinas locality, La Pampa Province.[10] Length = ∼7 meters.[2] Limenavis patagonica → Salitral Moreno locality, Río Negro Province.[11] Length = Extrapolated after relatives. Menucocelsior arriagadai → Salitral Ojo de Agua locality, Río Negro Province. Niebla antiqua → Cerro Matadero locality, Río Negro Province.[12] Length = 4.5 meters.[12] Panamericansaurus schroederi → Bodega Familia Schroeder locality, Neuquén Province.[13] Length = 11 meters.[2] Patagopelta cristata → Salitral Moreno locality, Río Negro Province. Quilmesaurus curriei → Salitral Ojo de Agua locality, Río Negro Province.[14] Length = 5.3 meters.[12] Rocasaurus muniozi → Salitral Moreno locality, Río Negro Province.[15] Length = Extrapolated after relatives. Excluded taxa: Willinakaqe salitralensis is considered a nomen dubium,[16] and its paratype has been reassigned to Bonapartesaurus rionegrensis.[6] Laplatasaurus araukanicus has been restricted to its lectotype which hails from the Anacleto Formation.[17] Abelisaurus comahuensis could either belong to the Allen or Anacleto formations.[12] Pellegrinisaurus powelli could either belong to the Allen or Anacleto formations.[18][19] References ↑ (2013). "The titanosaur sauropods from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Allen Formation of Salitral Moreno, Río Negro, Argentina". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (2): 269–284. DOI:10.4202/app.2011.0055. ↑ a b c (2007) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Random House ISBN: 9780375824197. Genus List for Holtz 2012 Weight Information ↑ (2008). "A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 (1659): 1101–7. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2008.1554. ISSN 1471-2954. ↑ (2012). "A New Specimen of Austroraptor cabazai Novas, Pol, Canale, Porfiri and Calvo, 2008 (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Unenlagiidae) from the Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Río Negro, Argentina". Ameghiniana 49 (4): 662–667. DOI:10.5710/AMGH.30.8.2012.574. ↑ a b Federico L. Agnolin (2012). "New alvarezsaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from uppermost Cretaceous of north-western Patagonia with associated eggs". Cretaceous Research 35: 33–56. DOI:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.014. ↑ a b (2017). "Bonapartesaurus rionegrensis, a new hadrosaurine dinosaur from South America: implications for phylogenetic and biogeographic relations with North America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 (2): 1–16. DOI:10.1080/02724634.2017.1289381. ↑ Salgado L., Gallina P.A. and Paulina Carabajal A. 2014. "Redescription of Bonatitan reigi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria), from the Campanian–Maastrichtian of the Río Negro Province (Argentina)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27(5): 525-548 ↑ a b (2022). "A new hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia and the radiation of South American hadrosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. DOI:10.1080/14772019.2021.2020917. ↑ a b (2010). "[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f6f4/c6eb05d224719916c0b20634f54dfeb37d3f.pdf An avian coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina]". Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 46 (2): 99-119. ISSN 0211-8327. ↑ Rodolfo A. Coria, Bernardo González Riga and Silvio Casadío (2012). "Un nuevo hadrosáurido (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) de la Formación Allen, provincia de La Pampa, Argentina". Ameghiniana 49 (4): 552–572. ↑ Clarke and Chiappe, 2001. A new carinate bird from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). American Museum Novitates. 3323, 1-23. ↑ a b c d (in English) Aranciaga Rolando, Mauro (2020). "A new medium-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the late cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences: 102915. DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102915. ISSN 0895-9811. ↑ (2010). "Panamericansaurus schroederi gen. nov. sp. nov. Un nuevo Sauropoda (Titanosauridae-Aeolosaurini) de la Provincia del Neuquén, Cretácico Superior de Patagonia, Argentina". Brazilian Geographical Journal: Geosciences and Humanities research medium 1: 100–115. ↑ Coria, R.A. (2001) "A new theropod from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia" in Tanke, Darren H., ed. Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, Life of the Past, Indiana University Press, pp. 3–9 ISBN: 978-0-253-33907-2. ↑ Salgado, L. and C. Azpilicueta. 2000. Un nuevo saltasaurino (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) de la provincia de Río Negro (Formacíon Allen, Cretácico Superior), Patagonia, Argentina archive copy at the Wayback Machine. Ameghiniana 37 (3):259-264. ↑ (2016). "Revisiting the hadrosaurid diversity of the Allen Fm.: Re-evaluation of the taxonomic validity of Willinakaqe salitralensis (Ornithopoda, Hadrosauridae) from Salitral Moreno, Río Negro Province, Argentina". Ameghiniana 53 (2): 231–237. DOI:10.5710/AMGH.25.09.2015.2943. ↑ Pablo A. Gallina & Alejandro Otero (2015) Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (SAUROPODA: TITANOSAURIA), from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 52 (5):487–501. doi:10.5710/AMGH.08.06.2015.2911. ↑ (1996). "Pellegrinisaurus powelli nov. gen. et sp. (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lago Pellegrini, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana 33 (4): 355–365. ISSN 1851-8044. ↑ Heredia, S., & Salgado, L. (2014). Posición estratigráfica de los estratos supracretácicos portadores de dinosaurios en Lago Pellegrini, Patagonia septentrional, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 36(2), 229-234.

Size of Austroraptor cabazai compared to a human, a species of Dromaeosaurid Unenlagiinae who lived during the Cretaceous period in Argentina, more precisely in the Allen Formation.

Obelignathus septimanicus holotype, MDE D30 from the 'Grès à Reptiles' Formation of Montouliers, southern France. Photographs and photogrammetric models of the right dentary in dorsal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), and lateral (D) views.

Lonchodraco giganteus comb. n. Lectotype NHMUK PV 39412 (Cenomanian / Turonian, Chalk Formation). A–F articulated anterior parts of the rostrum and mandible A right lateral view B respective line drawing C left lateral view D respective line drawing E anterior view F respective line drawing G associated scapulocoracoid in posterior view. Abbreviations: ch – choanae, cor – coracoid, d – dentary, dcr – dentary crest, m – maxillae, pl – palatine, pm – premaxillae, pmcr – premaxillaery crest, prid – palatal ridge, sca – scapula. Arrows indicate alveoli or teeth. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos courtesy of The Natural History Museum.

A 6.4 meter (21ft) Eurhinosaurus species specimen from the Holzmaden Formation, Baden-Wurttenburg, Germany. ~185 million years old.

Cast of a Scaphognathus crassirostris, a kind of pterosaur. On display as part of the exhibit "Pterosaurs: Flight in the Age of Dinosaurs" at the Cleveland Natural History Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. This animal lived about 150 million years ago. This fossil was found in the Solnhofen formation in Germany. This is a cast; the fossil itself is held by the Institute of Geology and Paleontology at the University of Bonn.

"Daspletosaurus torosus" skeleton cast, reconstructed and mounted by Triebold Paleontology based on a nearly complete specimen from Montana's Judith River Formation

Jian is a microraptorine dromaeosaur, and the only non-avian dinosaur so far discovered from the Xiagou Formation of what is now China. Typical of microraptorinae, Jian had long pennaceous feathers growing from its arms as well as its legs, and was small in size, growing to approximately 1 m in total body length.

Material of the dinosaur Bahariasaurus ingens (1-4, 7-18, 24-26) and indeterminate theropods (5-6, 19-23) from the Bahariya Formation of Egypt.

Comparison of cranial features between closely related southern Laramidian taxa; (A), Akainacephalus johnsoni (UMNH VP 20202) from the Late Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of Utah; and (B), Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis (SMP VP-900) from the Late Cretaceous Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, in left lateral views. Various synapomorphies are shared with N. kirtlandensis (highlighted in black and white arrows) and includes “flaring nostrils”; enlarged, laterally projecting, loreal osteoderms that are situated directly dorsal to the external nares. Other synapomorphies include pyramid-shaped nasal and frontal osteoderms positioned on the dorsal regions of the skull. A number of significant differences have been observed between both specimens; in A. johnsoni, the anterior, and posterior supraorbital bosses form an enlarged element that is somewhat backswept, whereas in N. kirtlandensis, the posterior and anterior supraorbital bosses are clearly defined as individual osteoderms, and are much smaller in size. Additionally, the squamosal horn in Akainacephalus is very small but is prominent and tetrahedrally shaped in Nodocephalosaurus. The quadratojugal horn in Akainacephalus is massive, has a subtriangular morphology in lateral view and projects almost entirely ventral, whereas in Nodocephalosaurus, the quadratojugal horn is smaller and has a typical fin-shaped morphology. Study sites: asob, anterior supraorbital boss; ext naris, external naris; laca, lacrimal caputegulum; loca, loreal caputegulum; naca, nasal caputegulae; orb, orbit; psob, posterior supraorbital boss; qjh, quadratojugal horn; sqh, squamosal horn.

Digital illustration of the Sauropod Dinosaur Isisaurus colberti from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of India (72.2-66 MYA). References include Jain & Bandyopadhyay (1997), several papers from Wilson et al. and skeletal reconstruction by Scott Hartman. Illustrated by Ansh Saxena. About Isisaurus– Isisaurus colberti (=Titanosaurus colberti) was a species of Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) age in the Indian Subcontinent. Isisaurus lived sympatrically with another Titanosaurian Sauropod Jainosaurus. It also lived alongside Theropods like Rajasaurus, Rahiolisaurus, Indosuchus etc. Remains of Isisaurus come from the Lameta formation of Central India.

Locality map and section diagram of Phu Noi Locality. The map of Thailand (a); The location of Phu Noi Locality and the distribution of Phu Kradung Formation, the northeastern region with the outline of Kalasin Province (edit by Kantanat Trakulveerayut) (b); the diagrammatic section of Phu Noi (applied from Chowchuvech et al.31) (c).

Chert & phosphorite in the Permian of Wyoming, USA. The Permian-aged Phosphoria Formation has a significant component of phosphorite, a scarce, phosphate-rich sedimentary rock. This material is mined in southern Idaho as a source of phosphorus for the fertilizer industry, the fireworks industry, and other uses. Phosphorites are generally considered to have >15-20% phosphate content. Texturally, phosphorites can be obviously granular, with fossil fragments or oolites or peloids or lithic fragments, or they can be composed of extremely fine-grained, phosphate-rich mud. Compositionally, the phosphate component in phosphorites is principally a mix of apatite minerals: chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl), fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F), hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH)), and carbonate fluorapatite (Ca10(PO4,CO3)6F2-3). Phosphorites are generally marine sedimentary rocks. They range in age from Precambrian to Holocene. In modern oceans, they tend to occur along the eastern margins of some ocean basins where deep-water upwelling occurs under areas of high biologic productivity. Stratigraphy: Rex Chert Member over Meade Peak Member, Phosphoria Formation, Roadian Stage to Wordian Stage, lower Guadalupian Series, mid-Permian Locality: roadcut on the northern side of Route 26/Route 89 at the town of Astoria Hot Springs, Snake River Canyon, southern Teton County, northwestern Wyoming, USA

Rebun Island lies in the Sea of Japan off the northwestern tip of Hokkaido and is part of the Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park. Momoiwa ("Peach Rock") was created in a relatively new era of Rebun Island's strata when underground magma pushed the earth's surface upward where it cooled into a huge spherical rock formation. Spheroidal joints (plate-shaped joints on the surface) peeled away like the skin of an onion, revealing the scree, which cooled at a slower rate than the surface, creating the columnar jointing that can be seen.

“Golden spike” at the GSSP of the Selandian stage (lower Upper Paleocene) at Zumaia section, Spanish Basque Country. The spike sits on the top plane of the uppermost limestone bed of the Aitzgorri Limestone Formation which is identical to the basal plane of the overlying red marls of the lowest part of the Itzurun Formation (right-hand outside the picture).[1]

Information sign for the GSSP of the Seelandian stage (lower Upper Paleocene) at Zumaia section, Spanish Basque Country. The sign is mounted near the “golden spike” on the top plane of the uppermost limestone bed of the Aitzgorri Limestone Formation which is identical to the basal plane of the overlying red marls of the lowest part of the Itzurun Formation (right-hand outside the picture).[1]